Study results indicated that schizophrenics who shocked themselves upon experiencing auditory hallucinations failed to show significantly greater improvement than the control group. Thus the general conclusion drawn is that conditioning did not appear to be the mechanism by which most of the significant therapeutic changes occurred. (Author)

This paper presents a behavioristic view of how persons acquire knowledge of their psychological characteristics and examines counseling from his framework. Persons infer underlying motivational characteristics to account for actions they assign to personal causes. Assignment of cause is based on social comparison and counseling provides such…

Discusses recent augmentations to the bureaucratic model and examines one sample of recent trends toward personalization and democratization in bureaucracy -- the Catholic Church in Australia. (Author/JF)

Behavior therapy approaches to the treatment of male sexual impotence, specifically premature ejaculation and erective impotence, are discussed. Included in the behavioral therapies are systematic desensitization, active graded therapy, assertive techniques, sexual responses, operant approaches and others. Often marriage counseling is also…

Reviews and assesses current knowledge on children's aggression: the determinants and regulation mechanisms. (AJ)

The theory that classroom interaction between pupil and teacher is based on a contractual arrangement is presented. (DB)

Play is knowledge-seeking behavior that leads to increasing complexity of players and play. Playgrounds should be designed to provide the greatest possible variety of new experiences. (RA)

Contemporary studies of female suicidal behavior show that such women exhibit characteristics corresponding to the behavioral indices of impersonalism, submissiveness, passivity, and obedience producing the lack of individuation characteristic of Durkheim's altruistic/fatalistic suicide categories. The author suggests this supports the contention…

As a consequence of somatic changes patients may suffer profound, indirect, and direct psychological effects in addition to the more direct biological ones. In order to prepare patients for living with new circumstances and feelings created by illness, intervention stragegies should address somatopsychic effects as well as others. (Author)

There are eight categories of sociological perspectives which affect the way different individuals perceive the same values. Everyone is in one of the categories, but can move up or down depending on the life situation at any particular time. (CT)