There is a considerable body of research that involves covert antecedents and consequences of behavior, and how these factors tend to influence overt behavior. As is frequently the case in new areas of endeavor, overenthusiastic claims have been made for covert conditioning procedures, often based on poorly controlled experiments or clinical…

Fifty employee managers and 50 owner managers were interviewed to determine differences in their behavior after a university level executive development program (EDP) conducted for businessmen in Lima, Peru. Findings indicated that: (1) owner managers had received a greater overall impact from an EDP than employee managers: (2) the perceived value…

This three year demonstration of a mental health program developed by the Bradley Center in Columbus, Georgia, centered on the training of physicians and ministers in standardized methods of managing emotional and social problems of patients and parishioners seeking help. Involved was the challenge of entering two Georgia Communities and obtaining…

The use of operant techniques in the classroom, especially with slow learners, was investigated, and several types of reinforcement were compared. Subjects were 129 fourth graders enrolled in a middle school in a disadvantaged rural Florida community. The subjects were stratified by race, sex, and homeroom and were randomly assigned to one of five…

Theory and laboratory research in operant behavior are applied to clinical practice in speech pathology. Introductory material summarizes the principles of operant conditioning as related to speech therapy. Clinical application is presented in the following areas: reinforcing properties of a television presented listener; reduction of reading and…

The attempt in this paper was four fold: (1) present some historical facts regarding sensitivity training; (2) discuss concerns of some key professionals in the field; (3) describe some facets of sensitivity training programs; and (4) note implications of this movement for counseling and teaching in elementary and secondary schools. The laboratory…

This study investigates the effectiveness of an instruction-simulation videotape in training counselor candidates to use counselor-tacting response leads (CTRL's). Such verbal responses are viewed as essential to behavior modification therapy since they operationally define specific behavioral events and the stimulus conditions associated with…

The report discusses the use of systems techniques to answer the question of what should be taught in a prepracticum course, Techniques of Counseling. The approach required: (1) definition of counselor problem-solving functions, and (2) construction of a system model of effective counseling in order to identify the skills and information needed to…

This study is concerned with an examination of tendencies among individuals or groups to vary in their selection of certain types of responses when the same choice is presented in some other form, the tendencies being termed "response sets." Positional response sets (PRS), to which multiple-choice type items are prone, have reportedly…

The use of reinforcement as a treatment technique by a counselor is demonstrated. Its purpose is two-fold: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of the technique; and (2) to actively involve the participant in the demonstration. A pre-test involves presentation of a hypothetical situation from which the participant is to select: (1) problem behaviors;…

Interaction analysis, based on the Flanders system but containing the additional category of maladjusted behavior, was applied to three videotaped classroom situations involving socially maladjusted children. The first two were made in January; the teacher was involved in a T-group experience in February; the third videotape was made in May with…

The four classes of learning experience found in an instructional system are defined as 1) orienting experiences, which provide a set of referents essential to meaningful study, and which may take the form of direct observation of children or teachers in classrooms, observation of filmed models, etc., and which may be used at any level; 2)…

In studies of classroom behavior modification, the experimenter or educator attempts to make valid judgments about desirable behavioral outcomes. Instruments of assessment to be used with behavior modification treatments must be sensitive to the behavioral goals of principals, teachers, and public school officials. Moreover the treatments used in…

Behavior modification procedures appropriate to the classroom for altering socially deviant behaviors in young children are described. In the first section (Teachers, Peers and Parents as Agents of Change in the Classroom), the classroom is not only the focus of study but also the setting in which treatment, in the form of intervention programs,…

Effects of heterogeneous and homogeneous grouping on the psychological functioning of Mexican American preschool children from economically disadvantaged families were investigated in a pilot project at San Jose State College Child Laboratory. Three experimental groups were composed of (1) 9 Mexican American children from low-income families and 9…