The learning and instructional processes related to adult education are discussed in this monograph. Following a brief discussion of the nature of learning and of instruction, the stages and conditions of learning and instruction are presented. These stages and conditions relate to internal conditions prerequisite to learning (motivation,…

Data from a longitudinal study--the 3-D study--of freshmen at three California community colleges are presented. This study views freshmen on the basis of a construct called Functional Potential. Functional Potential is a hypothetical construct built on psychodynamic principles which describe the degree to which a person can tolerate ambiguity,…

The aims of this study were to: (1) investigate the effectiveness of teaching machines in teaching vocabulary, (2) examine the relationships between various anxiety levels and the effectiveness of the teaching machine and the relationships between extroversion and introversion and the effectiveness of the machine, and (3) examine the possible…

The major aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between aspects of a child's behavioral style, specifically his temperament and task orientation, in the preschool age period and his level of academic achievement in elementary school. The relationship between behavior problems in the preschool years and later academic achievement…

The effects of spot television commercials during political campaigns were studied. A telephone survey was conducted to see what effect such commercials had on voters in the 1970 Wisconsin and Colorado gubernatorial elections. The results showed that this approach is the most efficient way of reaching a vast majority of the electorate, although it…

To investigate the hypothesis that the "risky shift" is a function of a cultural value favoring risk, group and individual decisions of Ugandan and U. S. students were compared on two tasks: the choice dilemmas devised by Kogan and Wallach and the actual-consequence situation of Wallach, Kogan, and Bem. On both tasks the individual…

A study on individual differences in problem solving approach and their relationships to various learning-related parameters was conducted with a random sample of 25 subjects enrolled in an introductory physics course utilizing instruction through audio-tutorial methods. The subjects received interviews consisting of four problems in energy…

This paper considers the existing evidence of systems of co-occurring, sex-linked, linguistic signals in the United States. In the first section, the type of research which has been done in linguistic sex contrasts and then the relevant material in "folk linguistics" are discussed. In addition, a number of studies about the differences among men…

It is hypothesized that subjects who are highly anomic will demonstrate less anxiety and higher nonperson orientation than normal subjects will when personal space is invaded. Fifty-six pretested subjects classified as either anomic (14 males, 14 females) or normal (14 males, 14 females) were placed in one of two interview conditions: personal…

The concept of an educational goal indicator (EGI) was devised as a measure of a post-educational condition or behavior that an educational system is supposed to produce or affect. In this sense it is intended to be a "true" measure of the schools' accomplishments. A search was made, as part of the New Jersey Needs Assessment program to…

This study was conducted as part of a larger study to determine characteristics common to Associate Degree graduates of six technical education programs at Pennsylvania State University so as to determine its relevance and relative effectiveness to the population it served. It is the second followup in the longitudinal study. Data were derived…

This paper reports the findings of two surveys, compares them to previous research, and discusses the combined implications. Both surveys, (the first, conducted in Denmark in 1969; and the second, in Chicago and Evanston, Illinois, in 1971) reinforced previous findings of significant correlations between attitudes toward freedom of speech and the…

Historically, interviewers have been unable to reach high agreement on applicant potential even when they interview the same applicant. However, it has been recently demonstrated that interviewers can do a good job of gathering relevant data and predicting applicant success. This document is a report on research conducted to learn what factors…

A summary of research and related literature on the problem of identifying indicators of teacher effectiveness, this publication is divided into 3 sections: (1) traditional indicators of teacher effectiveness in terms of good teaching procedures (e.g., positive reinforcement) and desirable personality characteristics (e.g., ability to set a…

The objectives of this study were (1) to develop systematic knowledge about the characteristics of couples who adopted American Indian children and (2) to describe the experiences encountered by the families and children for a 5-year period after the Indian children were placed in adoptive homes. The experiences of 97 families who adopted Indian…