Errors made by 5- and 8-year-old children asked to draw a model were investigated in two studies. Results from both indicated that 5-year-old children are more likely to produce visually accurate drawings than had previously been supposed; for both ages difficulty in producing accurate drawings occurred when drawing rules and conventions…

Efficacy of object manipulation and picture identification to teach single words was assessed with four 23- to 40-month-old language impaired children at sensorimotor development level. Among results: two children learned more nouns and verbs in object manipulation condition. (Author)

Research is reviewed on the use of pictures to teach concepts to handicapped children. Five general conclusions are drawn including (1) young children prefer, can recognize, and can learn concepts from pictures and outline figures and (2) pictures should be realistic and simple with an unsaturated hue to reduce distractibility. (CL)

Three experiments demonstrate that the context of a two-object array greatly influences the way in which young children represent the array in their copies. Children were aware of differences in orientation and in the nature of paired objects and were concerned with marking these differences in their drawings. (RH)

Two groups of 20 trainable mentally retarded (12- to 14-year-old) children each participated in a 26-week course during which recognition and transfer to standard orthography were measured. The cued-word group was significantly superior in reading words in standard orthography during training as well as at the end of training. (Author/CL)

The study involving three mentally retarded children (7 to 10 years old) compared the effectiveness of preventing incorrect responses with allowing trial and error responses to a set of verbal instructions. Data provided further evidence for the notion of errorless discrimination learning. (SB)

The fact that a significant amount of release from proactive interference was obtained with subjects in this study by shifting between differentially arousing categories of words suggested that rated word arousal is an encoding dimension in short-term memory. (CM)

The author speculates on the mythic symbolism of the maze and describes her work with learning disabled students who responded favorably to mazes, especially to visualization tasks involving mazes. (CL)

The results offered little support for the hypothesis that teaching severely retarded learners to label stimuli would reduce the likelihood of stimulus overselectivity. (Author)

The example of a man blinking at a light serves as the starting point for an inquiry into the complex relationship of stimulus and physiological response. Countering the charge of reductionism, the organism in its environment is shown to be a case of energy flow and transformation. (AM)

Studied use of electromyographic (CMG) biofeedback to increase efficacy of cue-controlled relaxation training in treatment of test anxiety. Results indicated cue-controlled relaxation was effective in increasing test performance for test-anxious subjects. EMG biofeedback did not contribute to effectiveness. Self-report measures of anxiety are…

Shows how the visual differential theory provides a model that illuminates the effects of visual manipulation on communication. Includes illustrations. (GT)

Several propositions deduced from the discrepancy hypothesis were tested with four-month-old infants using random shapes in a habituation/discrepancy paradigm. (JMB)

Three experiments investigated seven-month-old infants' ability to discriminate the facial expressions of happiness and fear. (CM)