This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)

An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, New York, 1971. (FF)

The major finding of the study indicates that the nongraded program was more beneficial to boys than to girls with respect to attainment of reading skills. (Author)

Reports questionnaire data from 1384 children in grades five through nine. Reveals that political socialization of attitudes toward free speech apparently does occur during late childhood and early adolescence. (JM)

A total of 20 children under 14 years of age who were admitted to a hospital following suicide attempts were compared with 50 psychiatrically ill, nonsuicidal inpatients of similar age. Suicidal behavior was associated with the male sex, personal experiences of significant loss, academic underachievement, marital disintegration among parents, and…

Nonprofessional employees in three administrative units at a comprehensive eastern university served as subjects in a study to examine the relationships of perceived participation in decision making, communication with supervisor, employee characteristics, and employee job satisfaction. Implications for personnel decisions and training, employee…

Defines boredom, identifies the conditions in which boredom flourishes, and presents a series of suggestions for instructional design strategies that deal with boredom before it becomes an educational problem. An outline--indicating the importance of novelty, surprisingness, incongruity, and uncertainty in averting boredom--and a reference list…

Conclusions from a study of 505 mothers in 9 rural southern Illinois counties are: (1) they prefer the home environment over a day care center environment; (2) if available, a majority would use day care; and (3) if good infant care were available, most would work outside the home because of need or desire. (LC)

Proposes a framework for assessing the needs of the older learner/consumer. Includes recognition of the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly. Explores the impact of components of the technological and social-psychological systems. Emphasizes the adragogical approach to the actual teaching process. (Author/JAC)

Reviewed research on the effect of the presence of other people on individuals' willingness to help in an emergency. Attention was paid to the nature of the precipitating incident; ambiguity of the helping situation; laboratory versus field settings; characteristics of subjects, victims, and bystanders; and communication among bystanders.…