Examined gaze aversion in 5- and 8-year-olds when answering verbal reasoning and arithmetic questions of varying difficulty. Found that older children increase gaze aversion from the face of the adult questioner in response to both verbal and arithmetic difficult questions. Young children responded less consistently to cognitive difficulty.…

Describes an exploration system for large image databases. The system, which consists of three stages, allows user to interpret and annotate an image in the context in which that image appears, dramatically reducing the time taken to annotate a large collection of images. Includes 25 figures and two tables. (AEF)

Reviews ancient theory and modern research regarding the effect of imagery on memory. Suggests present-day technical communicators use, where possible, a particular kind of image to illustrate proceduralized instructions. Provides examples and illustrations that create special images. (KEH)

Investigates the visual attention of children (ages 3.5 to 6.5 years) to short segments of the television program "Sesame Street." Finds an early increase in attention to random segments, suggesting an attempt to deal with difficult but seemingly accessible content. Finds a quick decrease of attention to segments with incomprehensible…

Psychometric functions (PFD) for the detection of pure tones were obtained from 10 adolescent and young adult listeners with normal hearing and 10 adult listeners with sensorineural impairments of presumed cochlear origin. The slopes of the PFDs were abnormally steep in some of the hearing-impaired listeners but were statistically significant only…

Three studies investigated comfortable loudness levels with particular reference to their application to hearing aid gain prescriptions. The studies, involving 33 normal hearing adults and 77 adults with hearing impairments, suggest that comfortable loudness levels for continuous speech bands can be estimated rather accurately, quickly, and with…

Forty-six fifth-and-sixth-grade students with hearing impairments participated in either a 14-period rhythmicity treatment program or a control program. Evaluation concluded that rhythm perception/production could be reliably measured and that the quality of rhythmic tapping performance was a function of the modality of stimulus presentation.…

Three children with autism (ages seven-nine) were taught to verbally name pictures using a progressive time delay procedure. Results of a multiple probe design across pictures and replicated across students indicated that the time delay procedure was effective in fading extra-stimulus prompts. The procedure resulted in nearly error-free…

Laboratory results are presented which suggest that hearing-impaired individuals' speech perception can be enhanced through use of tactile aids with a number of tactile transducers conveying information about the spectral content of the speech signal, and speech production can be improved through experience using a multichannel tactile aid.…

The study identified eight environmental stimuli present during the training of two moderately retarded students (ages six and nine). Results demonstrated that by altering one stimulus at a time, correct responding continued. Implications of the findings for stimulus control and generalization training are discussed. (Author/DB)

The study of Down Syndrome (N=16), other mentally retarded, and non retarded subjects (all matched for mental age) found that Down Syndrome subjects showed significantly poorer recall of auditorially presented stimuli than the other two groups (which did not differ). (Author/DB)

Two studies examining three correlates of child picture naming difficulty (age of name acquisition, picture-to-name uncertainty, and name generality) suggested that picture-naming reflected both the availability of the name in the lexical memory and the name's accessibility, which, in turn, partly depended on the amount of interference from…

Examined reversal of emergent simple discriminations through stimulus contiguity. In experiment one, Baseline and Reversal phases were positive for most children. Experiments two through four examined protocol aspects that possibly contributed to successful reversal of the form discrimination; found that reversed discrimination usually was a…

Newborns were habituated to white squares of varying size and luminance and retested with colored squares for recovery of habituation. Newborns could discriminate yellow-green from white in large squares, but not in small squares. They could not discriminate blue, blue-green, or purple from white. Results suggest newborns have little…

Visual scanning patterns of 17 students with mental retardation and control groups matched for chronological or mental age were recorded during visuomotor tasks. Results suggested that subjects paid more attention to penpoints than to the succeeding or passed points of a model line, indicating that they have a poorer ability to process more than…