"Everyone knows what guidance is, don't we?" The author takes a detailed look and urges that we really find out. (Editor)

A multidimensional scaling technique, INDSCAL, was used to investigate the underlying structure 18 behavioral and 18 nonbehavioral clinical psychologists gave to 73 symptomatic behaviors descriptive of a wide range of psychopathology. Only limited differences between behavioral and nonbehavioral ratings in the structure that provided the…

Regardless of ambiguous feelings about using microcomputers in schools, it is likely that education will remain substantially the same with their widespread use. The microcomputer will modify the way some skills are taught, but the need to teach the skills will remain. Most contemporary critiques of using microcomputers in the classroom are…

An analysis of educational research which indicates that behavior modification principles can be used to change or increase complex cognitive and interpersonal behaviors. (Author/HB)

The validity of an instrument which purports to measure followers' perceptions of a leader's power base usages, the Richardson Power Profile (RPP), was investigated. Also compared were the perceptions of power base usage derived by concurrently administering two instruments, the RPP and the Power Perception Profile--Perception of Other. Teachers…

In the Soviet theory of cognitive development, originated by Vygotsky and elaborated by Leont'ev, acts occur at three levels of abstraction: activities, actions, and operations. According to this theory, an activity has an associated motive and may function directively as a motive. While many activities are possible, one activity tends to…

A comprehensive understanding of stage fright will better enable teachers and researchers to select the most appropriate "cure" and to determine those cases in which speech training will help reduce stage fright or other states of communication apprehension. Attempts to understand stage fright have focused on three psychological theories…

The concept of verbal self-regulation, or verbal mediation, originated in behavioristic analyses of thinking, but was later extended to cognitivistic analyses. In both applications, the research that was generated was usually deficient in ecological validity. In addition, in some of the research verbal self-regulation was inferred when an overt…

DESIGNED TO GIVE THE READER SOME OF THE DIFFICULTIES OF INTEGRATING PERSONALITY VARIABLES, THEORY, AND TESTING, THIS BOOK DISCUSSES THE DUAL ORIENTATION OF PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE AND AS AN APPLIED SKILL. EXAMPLES OF BOTH NOMOTHETIC AND IDIOGRAPHIC THEORIES OF PERSONALITY ARE CONSIDERED. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND DEBATE…

Hiring an administrator with those tangible elements listed in a job description does not ensure that the chosen individual will be an effective administrator. Too often the key element of "administrative presence" is missing. An "administratively present" leader is able to conceptualize within his system, interact with the human elements of the…

The first section of this paper defines covering law explanation as a theory which maintains that explanation may be achieved, and may be achieved, by subsuming what is to be explained under a general law. The model is examined in light of the deductive-nomological explanation, the deductive-statistical explanation, and the inductive-statistical…

This paper examines the problems in definition of punishment at the construct level, comparing the common use meaning of the term with a behavioral definition and contrasting two definitions used within the field of psychology. The paper discusses whether punishing stimuli must be physically painful, the appropriate use of painful stimuli, and…

This paper attempts a unified explanation of such apparently non-utilitarian behaviors as curiosity, manipulation, and exploration as manifestations of "playful behaviors" on the one hand and stereotyped responses on the other. Sensorhesis names the new theory offered to explain the existence and nature of playful behavior. Play and stereotyped…

The initial purpose of this project was to demonstrate in four Washington state elementary schools the application of functional analysis of behavior to children who have learning disabilities and social behavior disturbances in the natural school setting. During the development of the project this purpose was broadened to include the prevention…

To investigate the resistance to extinction in mentally handicapped children under conditions of stimulus variation, three experiments involving mildly retarded children were conducted. Test procedures were altered somewhat in each case (the new learning task chosen for the second experiment being a reversal shift of experiment one), and the third…