A study involving 39 retarded (24 to 92 months old) and 61 nonretarded (18 to 54 months old) children was designed to determine what fundamental social cognitive skills young retarded children possess, to describe the characteristics and developmental factors of such skills, and to determine whether previous findings on the development of these…

The bulk of communication research has approached competency from a trait perspective and has attempted to identify the individual characteristics that are presumed to generalize across all social settings. The role of social situation and the possibility that some individuals can be competent in some settings and incompetent in others have not…

The role of a group facilitator implies observation of the group's interaction and intervention based on these observations within the group. This paper discusses the need for a facilitator to operate from a theoretical frame of reference in group settings that also provides a systematic method of observation. The author discusses category systems…

This paper outlines a theory of communicative competence and argues for a view of communicative competence as a postulated set of abstract cognitive operations that serve to generate mental representations of the social world. In addition to this function, the discussion serves as a review of literature bearing on the subject of communicative…

This document is one in a set of four documents which present a personnel development program aimed at improving the competence of instructional leaders in planning and implementing curricula in generic work skills. (Generic work skills are defined as those skills that facilitate the operation of goal-oriented groups involved in the accomplishment…

To provide effective instruction, a taxonomic framework is proposed which (1) includes all possible learner outcomes yet is understandable and manageable, (2) provides order to currently existing taxonomies of learner outcomes, and (3) facilitates instructional planning. Domains of organismic adaptation roughly corresponding to (1) the need for…

The LORS technique is a combination of several techniques such as role projection, simulation, psychodrama, feedback, value clarification, role reversal, dramatization, decision making, process analysis, and others. The significant difference is that, when the techniques are used together, each often undergoes changes to the point that the effect…

The concept of trust and its implications for people working at various levels within school systems are explored. The school administrator is alerted to the elements of bureaucracy that inhibit the development of trust--hierarchy of authority, impersonal relationships and isolation, rules and regulations, close supervision and control, and…

This handbook describes the tasks, materials, rationale, and procedures for conducting a five-session Communication Workshop for Parents of Adolescents. It is designed for a variety of professionals, including psychologists, social workers, ministers, school counselors and others whose work with families has alerted them to the acute need for more…

A longitudinal study was carried out to explore the causal relationship among satisfaction, performance, and several reward types. The major findings support "interpersonal rewards" as a further link of satisfaction and performance; the results failed to support either the human relations model (satisfaction causing performance) or the reverse…

This paper investigated whether children can learn to cooperate under minimal social conditions. The research also compares the effectiveness of verbal instructions and a training task for teaching subjects the "win-stay/lose-change" rule. This rule has been used to explain the development of cooperation in the minimal social situation. Subjects…

This paper suggests and examines four ways in which the "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives" needs reforming. When a teacher assumes that all educational objectives belong to one of this taxonomy's three categories--cognitive, affective, or psychomotor--then trying to fit certain important kinds of objectives into the taxonomy becomes…

The experimental treatment administered in this study was the training of teachers to utilize interpersonal skills in the classroom. The training process consisted of three elements: (1) development of skills in the measurement of one's own teaching behavior, (2) individual feedback of the analysis of instruction samples provided by each teacher…

Because much conjecture (but limited empirical research) exists about the nonverbal variable to time, this exploratory study investigated the effects of differential arrival times on four dimensions of source credibility: sociability, dynamism, competence, and composure. Subjects were 84 educational secretaries with a mean age of 49 years. Each…

Life Skills are problem solving behaviors appropriately and responsibly used in the management of one's life. This book is a collection of papers on the theory, practice and evaluation of Life Skills, and an expanded version of the fifth edition of "Life Skills: A Course In Applied Problem Solving." It includes essays on the purposes and…