The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the variables that influence the learning of verbal material received by subjects via the aural modality, (2) how learning under conditions of aural reception compare with learning of the same materials under appropriately equivalent visual conditions, and (3) in what combinations learning is…

The hypothesis that a combined pictorial and textual stimulus would result in shared and thus reduced stimulus control was investigated. It was also hypothesized that interest-loading of the word stimuli would heighten the attention given to the stimulus. Colorful content words were pictorially representable nouns selected on the basis of their…

Inquiry is a disciplined process by which individuals move from knowledge of concrete data to the formulation of abstract concepts. Television can serve the needs of inquiry, especially visual (as opposed to verbal) inquiry, if it can be made flexible enough to bring data into the classroom at the instant needed for making decisions or asking…

Some basic tenets of the audiovisual approach to language instruction are challenged in this article which considers the ways in which "meaning" is given to sound sequences. It is argued here that (1) the meaning of a sound sequence does not derive solely or primarily from visual stimuli, (2) that different parts of speech derive meaning in…

This annotated bibliography on visual perception and its relation to reading is composed of 55 citations ranging in date from 1952 to 1965. Its divisions include Perception of Shape by Young Children, Perception of Words by Children, Perception in Backward Readers, and Perception of Shapes, Letters, and Words by Adults. Listings which include…

Recognition memory of components of complex pictures was assessed developmentally for kindergarteners, third and sixth graders, and college students. It was assumed that the relations among items in multi-component line drawings are constrained by at least two organizational dimensions, structure and content, which influence retention of pictured…

Two studies concerning the language-stimulation value of pictures for children were conducted. The first study tested the validity of a formula that classifies pictures as having high, medium, or low potency, based on the amount of language they stimulate in viewers. (The formula takes into account factors such as the number of animals, people,…

In a poststimulus cueing task subjects reported either the identity of items or their category membership. Results indicated that readout from Visual Information Storage (VIS) is not selective for conceptual categories. Rapid conceptual categorization of the type found in visual search experiments probably occurs at a processing stage subsequent…

The purposes of this study are (1) to analyze learning ability in newborns using heart rate responses to auditory temporal conditioning and (2) to correlate these with measures on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Twenty normal neonates were tested using the Brazelton Scale on the third day of life. They were also given a…

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of real and nonsense pictures with no labels, high-frequency labels, or low-frequency labels in discrimination learning of young children. The subjects were 102 second-grade children randomly selected from several classrooms located in a semi-rural community in Wisconsin. The subjects were…

This study was undertaken to determine reliability and validity estimates for a newly developed preschool inventory of cognitive functioning which provides many advantages over traditionally utilized measures. A predominantly pictorial stimulus-psychomotor response set was the format for the test. The test consisted of a series of 61 items divided…

In an attempt to depart from the traditional process of orientating students to career awareness, a new approach is being developed at the Indiana Career Resource Center at South Bend, Indiana. The Basic concept of V. I. S. I. O. N. (Visual Imagery Selector for Indexing Occupational Needs) attempts to utilize a combination of the respondents'…

Mode of presentation (word vs. picture) is said to be a factor in social class differences in performance on analogy tests. To investigate this contention, data were needed on equivalent word and picture analogy test performance. This report presents data on relation education index (REI) norms for 500 picture pairs collected in the process of…

This paper discusses several studies concerned with relating words to visual images, and suggests a visual strategy to generate writing at the secondary level. The three objectives of a visual writing strategy are to increase stimulation and involvement in writing activities, to guide the student in inferring organizational styles of writing from…

Existing mathematical models of word recognition are reviewed and a new theory is proposed in this research. The new theory integrates earlier proposals within a single framework, sacrificing none of the predictive power of the earlier proposals, but offering a gain in theoretical economy. The theory holds that word recognition is accomplished by…