The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treating depression with coping-oriented couples therapy (COCT) as compared with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; A. T. Beck, C. Ward, & M. Mendelson, 1961) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT; M. M. Weissman, J. C. Markowitz, & G. L. Klerman, 2000). Sixty couples, including 1…

There is a great need to identify instructional methods that effectively promote positive skill development in young children with developmental disabilities. This 2-year longitudinal study evaluated the practicality and effectiveness of two delivery models of providing Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) to children with developmental disabilities…

Purpose: In this study, the authors explore a method of measuring physiologic and perceived stress in individuals with aphasia by investigating salivary cortisol reactivity and subjectively perceived stress in response to a standardized linguistic task. Method: Fifteen individuals with aphasia and 15 age-matched healthy controls participated in a…

This study examined time-based prospective memory performance in relation to individual and developmental differences in executive functioning. School-age children and young adults completed six experimental tasks that tapped three basic components of executive functioning: inhibition, updating, and mental shifting. Monitoring performance was…

Pigeons were trained in three experiments with a two-key, concurrent-chains choice procedure. The initial links were equal variable-interval schedules, and the terminal links were random-time schedules with equal average interreinforcement intervals. Across the three experiments, the pigeons either stayed in a terminal link until a reinforcer was…

It is in the field of numerical analysis that this "easy-looking" function, also known as the Runge function, exhibits a behavior so idiosyncratic that it is mentioned even in most undergraduate textbooks. In spite of the fact that the function is infinitely differentiable, the common procedure of (uniformly) interpolating it with polynomials that…

Within the context of behavioral economics, the ratio of response requirements to reinforcer magnitude is called "unit price." In this investigation, we yoked increases in reinforcer magnitude with increases in intervals of differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) to thin DRO intervals to a terminal value. (Contains 1 figure.)

Background: The study is the first within trial cost analysis of direct versus indirect and individual versus group modes of speech-and-language therapy for children with primary language impairment. Aims: To compare the short-run resource consequences of the four interventions alongside the effects achieved measured by standardized scores on a…

Educators need accurate assessments of preschool cognitive growth to guide curriculum design, evaluation, and timely modification of their instructional programs. But available tests do not provide content breadth or growth sensitivity over brief intervals. This article details evidence for a multiform, multiscale test criterion-referenced to…

The concept of interval measurement in the fields of psychology and education is explored. Measurement and examples of its relationship to subsequent statistical analysis are discussed. (JKS)

To determine by classical time-estimation procedures if Type A persons estimate the passage of time differently than Type B persons, undergraduate male students, classified by the Jenkins Activity Survey, were asked to estimate several time periods. Responses to verbal, production, and reproduced time-estimation tasks were not significantly…

During training of cognitive and motor skills, the effects of massed, distributed, and spaced trial sequencing were evaluated relative to performance of 11 severely handicapped students (5-19 years old). Results supported the addition of distributed trial sequencing to the technology of instruction for severely handicapped learners. (Author/CL)

An argument is made for the presentation of measurement concepts involving continuous variables in terms of intervals through the use of inequalities. (MP)

The study examined adult-child interactions during conversation with respect to the effects of adult paralinguistic speech variations on the speech production of four four-year-old children. Analysis indicated that each child's response time latency (RTL) was significantly longer when the experimenter's RTL was longer. (Author/DB)