A discrete color naming paradigm was used in two experiments examining activation along orthographic and phonological dimensions in visual and auditory word recognition. Subjects were 80 college students who were presented with a prime word, either auditorally or visually, followed 200 milliseconds later by a target word printed in a color. The…

It was hypothesized that using asterisks as attention focusing devices would cause students to read all asteriked test items more carefully and would improve test scores of undergraduate education students. Sixty-three undergraduates majoring in elementary or special education were administered a 36-item objective test. Asterisks were used to…

The research described in this paper was designed to assess the attitudes of male college students toward feminism, to analyze possible relationships between these attitudes and certain demographic characteristics of the family of origin, and to determine whether such attitudes affect the structuring of social stimuli. It was hypothesized that (1)…

This experiment examined two processes which might account for developmental increases in accuracy in visual recognition tasks: age-related increases in efficiency of scanning during inspection, and age-related increases in the ability to make decisions systematically during test. Critical details necessary for recognition were highlighted as…

Averaged evoked potential (AEP) is an event-related brain response obtained by averaging the scalp electrical potentials elicited by repeated presentations of the same event. It has proven to be an accurate measure of the activity of the mature human brain when involved in a wide variety of psychological tasks. Distinct psychological processes…

The contribution of cognitive and affective experiences on empathy in children was assessed. It was expected that children receiving experience with both components would show more empathy than those receiving experience with only one or neither of these components. Six- to eight-year-olds participated in two phases, Training and Assessment. In…

THE EFFECT OF INCIDENTAL VISUAL STIMULI ON THE EFFICIENCY OF LEARNING FACTUAL MATERIAL BY FRESHMAN COLLEGE STUDENTS WAS INVESTIGATED. THE INVESTIGATORS DETERMINED WHETHER THE PROVISION OF INCIDENTAL STIMULI, WHEN USED TO FACILITATE LEARNING, RESULTED IN IMPROVED TEST PERFORMANCE. BRIEF, HIGH INTENSITY STIMULI, SEX DIFFERENCE, COLOR OF FOCAL…

THIS DOCUMENT REPORTS THE PROGRESS FROM SEPTEMBER 1, 1961 TO FEBRUARY 1, 1962 OF AN EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM IN SPEECH CONTROL. THE TOPICS DISCUSSED ARE--(1) PARAMETERS OF VOWEL PERCEPTION, (2) RELATIONS AMONG RESPONSE RATE, TOPOGRAPHY, AND SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT--METHODS AND FINDINGS IN AN ANALYSIS OF THE VOCAL OPERANT, (3) FOREIGN ACCENT AND…

Perception of emotion is one example of nonverbal communication and is the subject of this study of the accuracy of perception of various emotions. Seven emotions were chosen for this investigation. Each emotion was acted out by actors, whose performance was filmed. From the films, stills were selected which best represented the emotion being…

In this study the relationship between mother's teaching style (verbal instruction vs. demonstration) and the child's performance on four memory tests was investigated. Mothers' teaching style with 9-year-old children was observed in an induced teaching situation in the home, in a Guatemalan Maya town. In the induced teaching situation, the mother…

The process and effects of visual communication are examined in this paper. The first section, "Visual Literacy," discusses the need for a visual literacy involving an understanding of the instruments, materials, and techniques of visual communication media; it then presents and discusses a model illustrating factors involved in the…

This paper reports on three studies concerned with aspects of human visual information processing. Study I was an effort to measure the duration of iconic storage using a partial report method in children ranging in age from 6 to 13 years. Study II was designed to detect age related changes in the rate of processing (perceptually encoding) letters…

This study applied a frequency theory to measure the superiority of pictures over words in both discrimination learning and recognition memory tasks. Three groups of sixth grade students were given separate instructions before viewing slides of either common objects or words. The first group (control) was asked to study the items shown, the second…

The study examined whether an awareness that semantic organization is beneficial to picture recall ("semantic enhancement") precedes an awareness that certain types of organization are more beneficial than others ("levels of processing"). A series of pilot studies was conducted with kindergarten and adult subjects and a formal…

This study is a preliminary investigation of the relationship between measures of individual differences in perception and the way word components fuse when words such as "lanket" and "banket," both derived from "blanket," are presented one to each ear. Thirty-six native speakers of English participated in the experiment, receiving four dollars…