Undergraduate students in sociology (N=59) and psychology (N=50) participated in a study at a large midwestern university to determine if the pattern of attributional assignment, expectancy, performance, and perceived success was different in these two groups of undergraduates. Prior to taking the first of three exams each student was asked how…

Research provided information about the magnitude of an individual's enlistment probability and how that probability depends on his personal characteristics, family background, employment situation, and expectations for further education. Analysis focused on male high school seniors and high school graduates. Findings suggested that each segment…

This investigation sought to determine the extent to which examiners' evaluations of writing performance were influenced by the learning disability label and to identify mediating variables which modify expectancy effects. Forty-four preservice regular education teachers were randomly assigned to one of two expectancy conditions (learning-disabled…

Data indicate that although science is required of all students in elementary school, elementary teachers do not usually teach science as a high priority or in a way that enhances student achievement. A myriad of possible causes for existing voids in this teaching process have been suggested by researchers. Teacher belief systems have been…

Studies of how children spend their time in school, how teachers' perceptions and student characteristics affect interactions and the use of time in classrooms, and how the concept of time relates to student achievement were reviewed in preparation for an investigation of the extent to which different groups of children have different learning…

This research examined the nature of the "self-fulfilling prophecy" by investigating how the gradual accumulation of information and the relationship of the source and content of information may affect teachers' perceptions and ratings of trust, social ability, and academic ability of individual students. The study sought to answer two…

Retirement plans of older participants of the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association College Retirement Equities Fund (TIAA-CREF) were surveyed. Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 2,260 participants aged 59-69, and 1,438 returns served as the base for data analysis. This group was 62 percent male and 38 percent female; 48 percent…

Perceptions and expectations concerning the advising function held by faculty and students in arts and sciences colleges of four midwestern universities were surveyed. Usable responses were obtained from 541 (40 percent) of faculty members from the University of Wyoming, Mankato State University, Kansas State University, and the University of…

One of a series of publications on selected aspects of reading curriculum development, this monograph contains eight papers that deal with expectations in the teaching of reading. Topics covered include (1) the relationship between reading and writing, (2) changing expectations in education, (3) skills programs for remedial readers, (4) ways to…

To examine 2 shortcomings of previous cross-sectional farm recruitment research, the study population of the National Longitudinal Survey of the High School Class of 1972, consisting of 14,112 individuals who completed the base year questionnaire and 3 subsequent follow-up questionnaires, was divided into analytic sub-groups based on senior year…

Students majoring in home economics education were studied to see if any change in attitude occurred following a course on teaching learners with special needs. The categories of special needs learners were: physically handicapped, emotionally disturbed, hearing and visually impaired, urban, rural, and Indian disadvantaged, and the educable…

The study described in this paper investigated whether the race of elementary school teachers in black schools affected teachers' expectations for student achievement and perceptions of ability and effort. A factor analysis revealed four clusters of items dealing with teacher perceptions of students' achievement and motivation, and teachers'…

Some of the problems that exist for women in educational research and development and ways in which better opportunities for advanced levels of training and job advancement could be provided are described. Three stages of women's professional development are considered: the student years, the early postdoctoral years (one-to-five years after the…

Rural youth are a diverse group not only geographically, but socioeconomically, ethnically, and culturally as well. Historically, the rural student has not achieved as well as his urban counterpart in high school or in post secondary education. There is evidence that this is beginning to change and that rural students are doing as well or better…

Ten teachers who had experienced two and three decades of classroom teaching were interviewed to determine what stages their careers had passed through and how their attitudes had changed over the years. The teaching careers of these individuals were characterized by early job mobility, high satisfaction in the first decade followed by…