The application of the Mantel-Haenszel test statistic (and other popular DIF-detection methods) to determine DIF requires large samples, but test administrators often need to detect DIF with small samples. There is no universally agreed upon statistical approach for performing DIF analysis with small samples; hence there is substantial scope of…

Quantitative racism is defined as the intentional or unintentional misuse of statistical and quantitative methods to show some kind or type of ethnic superiority, usually with respect to black-white differences. This essay identifies some fallacious applications of statistical methods common to a number of recent studies in the behavioral…

This study investigated the relationship of kindergarten entrance age to academic achievement at the end of grades one through five, and the influence of gender, race, and family income on student achievement. A total of 185 students who attended a Cooperative Demonstrative Kindergarten during 1979-82 and remained in the Starkville (Mississippi)…

The study compared proposal and award data on investigators from predominantly undergraduate institutions (PUIs) with that of non-PUI institutions, called "research competitive universities" (RCUs). A total of 21,040 research proposals from academic institutions, which were competitively reviewed and decided in Fiscal Year 1988 by the…

This report presents findings from a study of the extent to which different kinds and amounts of parent involvement have different impacts on parents in general, and more specifically, on parents from different income groups in two schools--one all-balck, low-income; the other racially and economically mixed. Interviews were conducted with 60…

The relationship of expectations and assessments of friendships among third and fifth graders was studied. Particular attention was given to (1) the relationships between friendship expectation (FE), the assessment of present friendships (FA), and friendship reciprocity (FR); (2) gender, racial, and grade level differences in these same three…

The relationship between friendship expectations, assessment of present friendships, and friendship satisfaction, as well as the degree to which friends were similar on these variables were investigated for black and white adolescents. Subjects were 150 eighth-grade students from a public school in the southeastern United States. Fifty-six…

Designing university counseling services around variables that correlate with school success and help-seeking behavior might allow for better use of counseling resources. This study investigated whether noncognitive variables identified as being related to student success were predictive of whether black students and white students would seek help…

This document presents a Congressional report on the topic of children and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). These topics are addressed: (1) dramatic increases in AIDS among infants and young children; (2) differences in pediatric AIDS and AIDS among adults; (3) minority children's disproportional rate of infection with AIDS; (4)…

For the year 1987, 24.4 % of American households were touched by crime. A household is considered touched by crime if during the year it was affected by a burglarly, auto theft, or household theft or if a household member was raped, robbed, or assaulted or was a victim of personal theft, no matter where the crime occurred. These offenses, which…

This study examines the nature of the highly variable black-white difference across diverse tests and indicates the major systematic source of this between-population variation, namely, Spearman's g. Eleven large-scale studies (discussed in the appendix), each one comprising anywhere from 6 to 13 diverse tests, show a significant and substantial…

The analysis of racial differences has been a popular undertaking for social scientists, perhaps because it seems to be easy to do and it yields interesting differences. This study raises the possibility that the frequent finding of higher self-esteem scores among blacks compared with whites may be attributable, at least in part, to black-white…

Several writers have hypothesized that college students highest in degree of congruence between their college major and their personality type tend to have the highest level of achievement, satisfaction, and stability. This study investigated congruency between college students' vocational interests and their chosen academic major as an…

This document gives descriptive results on alcohol use patterns among young adults from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market of Youth, a survey of a large, nationally representative sample supplemented by samples of blacks, Hispanics, and economically disadvantaged non-black, non-Hispanic youth and covering the entire range of…

The Area Agencies on Aging are the primary federally funded units charged with delivering basic services to older adults. A study of 145 older adults was conducted to determine the extent and effectiveness of services provided by a southern Area Agency on Aging (AAA) to an urban, black, elderly population in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Interview results…