It is often assumed that old age is a time of numerous losses, irritants, and stress. Although researchers have examined the interrelationship of stress, health, and happiness in old age, stress is usually operationalized as a response to major life events; however, stress can also be operationalized as a response to the everyday experiences of…

Psychological training programs developed and implemented for gymnasts of a wide range of age and varying ability levels are examined. The programs utilized strategies based on cognitive-behavioral intervention. The approach contends that mental training plays a crucial role in maximizing performance for most gymnasts. The object of the training…

This paper presents a problem-solving process for stress management, which is based on the premise that the ability to manage stress is a survival skill necessary for parents if they are to provide a home environment conducive to children's social, emotional, and mental growth. The materials delineate a four-stage model for the: (1) identification…

The notion that life stresses and personality have an interactive role in illness is part of the wisdom of the ages. Most past research has studied either life stresses or personality. A model for understanding health/illness status is presented that includes stressful life events and the resistance resources of personality, social supports,…

This study investigated the relationship between the prior degree of contact of student teachers with children and the anxiety level of the student teachers before and during actual contact with children in the classroom. Subjects of the study were student teachers beginning classroom teaching experiences in the spring semester before graduation.…

This bibliography of literature from the 1970s related to crises, family stress, coping, and adaptation contains references of particular interest to professionals in the areas of counseling, education, and family social, psychological and health services. The bibliography is divided into 26 categories; references are classified according to major…

Ways in which early childhood educators can help children prepare for medical events through play are suggested in this pamphlet. Three qualities are seen as essential to a valuable hospital/medical play experience: (1) a focus on the child's current medical interests and experiences, (2) inclusion of information about a child's forthcoming or…

The purpose of this study was to predict maintenance of foster home placement. Fifty-one foster children comprised the sample; 47 were involved in the Casey Family Program in Montana, and four were past participants. Case files provided the first and major data base. Caseworker ratings, a second data source, were obtained on children's personal…

Relocation caused by employment transfers may favorably affect the attainment of career and financial goals; however, it is experienced as a stressful situation by many families and may create traumas for individual family members. If variables can be isolated that contribute to a family's adjustment to a new community, coping strategies may be…

Many elementary school students perform below their ability levels due to excessive anxiety and stress. Research reveals negative correlations between general anxiety and test anxiety, and scores on intelligence tests. Studies have shown that changes in anxiety level are related to changes in intelligence quotient scores. Further, anxiety affects…

Stress appears to jeopardize mental health and maternal behavior and indirectly to jeopardize the mother-child relationship by increasing the risk of maternal depression. An intensive study investigated the stresses experienced by low-income mothers. While both life event and life condition stress were strongly associated with depression, life…

Various studies of stress are considered in relation to certain aspects of developmental theory. "Stress" is defined as a general rubric which encompasses a whole spectrum of interacting elements including developmental status, individual coping styles, temperamental characteristics, and environmental influences. Case material is presented in a…

The major objective of this resource paper is to provide introductory readings for a course that investigates the role of geographical factors in the development, maintenance, and treatment of mental health programs. Themes concern: (1) the influence of geographical factors on mental health, or more generally, the influence of location on…

The introduction to this annotated bibliography analyzes the development of adventure education, describes the search procedure utilized to generate the citations, and makes recommendations regarding the need for a valid, reliable, and accepted instrument to measure self-concept change in adventure programs. Adventure education is defined as…

Stress-arousing problems related to specific college student characteristics were investigated. Data were collected from 2,408 university undergraduate students during the 1977-1978 academic year, using a one-page instrument which, in addition to the students' responses, afforded information as to their class, major, campus, type of residence,…