To investigate vulnerability to psychological and emotional stress among chronically ill children, a battery of personality tests was selectively administered to 144 children (5- to 19-years-old) afflicted with one of the following conditions: diabetes, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or hearing impairment. Analyses centered on comparisons of norms…

Effective response by community service agencies to clientele needs is an essential part of community development. A personnel screening instrument, a model for predicting different types of adaptation to occupational stress, is suggested as a means of increasing the responsiveness of service agencies to their local communities. Proposing the use…

This monograph applies ideas from the field of role theory to the study of occupations, beginning with an historical overview of role theory concepts. The analysis of occupations is presented from both a group-centered and person-centered position. Within the group-centered analysis, organizations, work groups, and communities are discussed, and…

The importance of effective communication compels investigators to seek new ways of measuring physiological responses and to practice the science of psychophysiology. The main objective of psychophysiological research is to describe the systems in organisms which transfer information between the subsystems of soma and psyche. Results should lead…

In a survey of the state of the art in ergonomics (human factors) as it has been applied to coal mining, approximately 1,200 references in the published literature both foreign and domestic were located. Abstracts of 49 references were prepared on such topics as the effects of environmental stress on health and productivity, accident prevention…

This research was initiated to determine whether the extent of a white child's first-hand contacts with black peers would influence his attitudes toward blacks. The subjects, 49 white, middle to upper class kindergarten children, all from two-parent homes with mothers who did not work outside the home, were divided into three groups: (A) children…

Main areas of stress experienced by married Open University students are reported, especially domestic pressures that are harmful to study. Also considered are the need for guidance, problems of finance, and attendance at summer school. (LBH)

Questionnaires and personality scales were used to study the effect of generational status on stress and personality measures among 247 immigrants. The late immigrant group--immigration after age 14--experienced highest stress, lowest self-esteem, and most external locus of control. A wide discrepancy existed between late and early immigrants on…

This review summarizes pertinent literature on the differential impact of primary versus secondary public education on students. Data show that junior high/middle school students with prominent elementary school maladjustments have a 5-13-fold greater rate of grade failure, suspension, and undue absenteeism than do students without such…

Associations between characteristics of dental students and their stress levels are examined, along with the correlation of stress with drug use and health problems. Greater stress was associated with a higher level of Type A behavior and lower level of career commitment. (Author/MLW)

Contrasted parents whose adolescent had left home for college, with those whose child commuted to college from home. Found parent role stress for both groups significantly related to the quality of parent-adolescent communication (for mothers and fathers), and the degree of emotional connectedness (for fathers) in the family prior to the…

The relationship between stress and social support systems of Hmong refugees is examined. Hmong communities function in some ways like large extended families; thus, there is not much reliance on outside resources. Homesickness was a stressor for older Hmong. Others were limited because of their lack of English proficiency. (VM)

Research conducted in Western Australian government schools indicates perceived stress among principals, particularly role overload and role conflict. Primary principals experienced greater stress than secondary principals. Suggestions on how the education department can reduce employee stress include altering leadership styles and offering stress…

When urban (N=221) and suburban (N=282) fourth- to sixth-graders judged the level of upset of 22 stressful life events, girls generally judged events to be more upsetting, both cognitively and experientially. Urban children experienced more stressful events than suburban children and judged them, experientially, to be more upsetting. (Author/CB)

Examined stressors and coping strategies of two-generation farm families. Results identified four key factors creating stressors for family members and four strategies that family members used to cope with stressors. Significant differences in stressors and coping strategies were found between generations and among fathers, mothers, sons, and…