Uses a sample of 33 second graders and 34 fourth graders to examine the tendency of children to perceive illusory correlations leading to greater recall of events that confirm sex stereotypes. Finds that both age groups perceived illusory correlations, giving the highest frequency estimates to traditional stimuli. (FMW)

This article introduces the papers in this theme issue on special education teachers' use of strategies. The article notes competencies that teachers need to master to become effective teachers of strategies, such as creating strategic environments and embracing a philosophy that facilitates independence in students. (JDD)

The study examined methods of mathematical problem solving with 34 gifted and 34 average Dutch 10 year olds. Typical questioning protocols are diagrammed and results tabulated. Preliminary findings suggest the potential value of explicit teaching of advanced mathematical problem-solving skills to pupils of average ability. (DB)

In this study of students (N=112) invited to participate in a hematology-transfusion medicine tutorial, it was found that students (N=59) receiving problem-based instruction did more poorly than controls on short-term examination but maintained their knowledge after two years better than control groups. (MLW)

Authoring provides a powerful model for promoting and studying teacher thinking. The paper explores the development of one teacher's thinking in terms of voices expressing an expanding community of selves, noting narrative and voice and thought construction processes. Narrative self-inquiry helps teachers construct a new community of selves. (SM)

A divided-attention experiment with 24 college students who were native speakers of Japanese speaking English and 16 English-Japanese bilingual students speaking Japanese confirm the prediction that performance in a thinking task declines when a concurrent linguistic task in a foreign language is required. (SLD)

Sixty young children estimated their performance in beanbag throwing. In the three prediction conditions, subjects articulated the differences between their performance and their predictions, only observed the difference, or were unable to observe their performance. Results indicated subjects were aware of differences between performance and…

Presents arguments for and against the appropriateness of philosophical hermeneutics as a framework for natural science education. Discusses reasons for its relevance to science and to the problem of meaning in science education. Suggests that each science be viewed as a language. (Contains 29 references.) (MDH)

Suggests that contexts may be useful in mathematics instruction in relation to learning transfer and that the factors that determine whether a context is useful are complex. Discusses the context effect, learning in context, how well students identify with tasks taken out of an adult world, and the effects of ethnomathematics. (MDH)

Dutch researchers investigated the effects of Obuchova's method of teaching measurement to kindergarten children with no knowledge of conservation or seriation. Results indicated training was highly effective. Skills were transferred to conservation tasks not taught in training. Transfer to concepts not included in training was also observed. (SM)

Examines the role of cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational skills in problem solving. Cognitive skills include instructional objectives, components in a learning hierarchy, and information-processing components. Metacognitive skills include strategies for reading comprehension, writing, and mathematics. Motivational skills include motivation…

Investigates the effectiveness of two different types of interviews: one that embeds a concept map, and one that does not embed a concept map in order to elicit post-instructional understandings. Focuses on students' understandings of chlorofluorocarbons and their role in global atmospheric change. Contains 71 references. (DDR)

Four experiments examined 8- to 12-month olds on search and nonsearch A not B tasks, a one-location task, and control tasks. Results indicated memory for where object was hidden and expectations of where it should be found. The effect occurred at delays at which infants made the A not B error when searching, and at a longer 15-second delay.…

Presents findings from an analysis of classroom discussions aimed at constructing shared knowledge. Demonstrates how students build up new concepts by renegotiating and sharing meanings and ideas during argumentative exchanges. Suggests that collaborative discourse-reasoning can support students' gradual mastery of discursive practices…

Multimedia learners (n=146 college students) were able to integrate words and computer-presented pictures more easily when the words were presented aurally rather than visually. This split-attention effect is consistent with a dual-processing model of working memory. (SLD)