The present study evaluated methods by which speech samples for equal appearing interval scaling of articulation defectiveness could be prepared with a minimum time expenditure. Ten public school speech therapists rated 40 one minute edited and 40 unedited speech samples on a nine point equal-appearing interval scale. The speech samples were…

The purpose of this study was to establish answers to the following questions: (1) Does a cross-age teaching program provide a situation in which school children can extend their role repertories by enacting the role of the tutor to younger children? (2) Can the language used by children in the role of tutor be classified under categories derived…

The present final report covers the various activities of the Center for Research on Language and Language Behavior at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor during the final year of its operation before its closing on January 31, 1971. A prefatory section lists completed projects and the availability of individual reports. Included in this…

Lexical development in mentally retarded and normal children was indexed using the Free Word Association Task. Approximately 170 institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded children and 59 normal children were administered the 40-word stimulus list consisting mainly of adjectives and nouns. Responses were categorized according to apparent…

This study was designed to learn more about relationships between sex and the expressive and comprehensive language development of the kindergarten child. Thirty-four kindergarten children (17 males and 17 females) were given the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and the Vocabulary Subtest of the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children…

The purposes of this study were to: (1) investigate the nature and extent of specific teaching, and the grade placement of language skills in primary grades; and (2) investigate experimentally the validity, reliability, and practicality of several different methods for measuring achievement in capitalization and punctuation in Grade 2. Phase I…

The author addresses the need for a new acoustic recognition strategy, extending the position that any adequate grammar of a language must distinguish between auditory and articulatory knowledge. Reviewing the existing literature and theories of language and its acquisition, the author discusses their limitations and inadequacies in accounting for…

The hypothesis of this Canadian study was that attitudes toward authority of French-English bilinguals would differ from the attitudes of French and English unilinguals toward authority. Student subjects responded to questionnaires using Likert scales to measure hostility, acceptance, anxiety, and neutrality toward authority. Analysis of variance…

Communicative relations among children and adolescents are considered from the concept of reciprocity (or perspective of others ) and its development. Research reveals that from the ages of two through four, and often through five also, the child's speech is primarily lacking in communicative message. It is found that the major difference in…

This paper discusses the relationship between linguistic reconstructions and their historical validity using the case of Old Japanese (8th century A.D.) vowels as an example. Reconstructions throughout the paper include only those cases in which the modern reflexes and phonological correspondences between two or more genetically related languages…

The author reports on a study designed to determine the effects of figurative language--particularly the metaphor--on persuasive discourse, by comparing hypotheses developed from the theories of Michael Osborn, Jean Piaget, and Charles Osgood. In addition to a figurative language variable (metaphor versus literal), other variables in the study…

An experiment in language instruction undertaken in Canadian junior high schools during the 1960-61 school year is reported in this study. The pilot project: (1) examines the phenomena of learning to comprehend and speak French through two different but direct modes of instruction; (2) compares by achievement tests the results of the two modes of…

Vocabulary compiled over a 10-year period of Eskimos living in the villages of North and Northwest Alaska is classified by subject in this dictionary. Main categories include terms relating to people; the heavens, earth, and atmosphere; place, time, and descriptives; and other words. Words derived from the Kobuk River dialect are indicated with a…

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN'S CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE BEHAVIOR PUBLISHED PROGRESS REPORT 1 WHICH CONTAINS 14 SEPARATE RESEARCH ARTICLES AND REPORTS AND 19 LISTED STUDIES IN PROGRESS. THE STUDIES WERE ALL RELEVANT TO LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE BEHAVIOR. ALSO INCLUDED IS A LIST OF AFFILIATED PERSONNEL CONDUCTING STUDIES IN THIS AREA…

THE FOUR STUDIES INCORPORATED IN THIS PROGRESS REPORT ATTEMPTED TO ANALYZE STABILIZED LANGUAGE PROCESSES AND TO EXAMINE THE COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE, RANGING FROM SYSTEMATIC PHONETICS TO LOGICAL DISCOURSE. THE FIRST STUDY REPORTED WORK ON HUMAN AUDITORY SENSITIVITY AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY. THE NEXT TWO STUDIES WERE…