THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES MEASURES USED IN "THE COGNITIVE ENVIRONMENTS OF URBAN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN" PROJECT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. THE SAMPLE FOR THE STUDY CONSISTED OF 163 NEGRO MOTHER-CHILD PAIRS SELECTED FROM 3 SOCIOECONOMIC CLASSES BASED ON THE FATHER'S OCCUPATION AND THE PARENTS' EDUCATION. A FOURTH GROUP INCLUDED FATHER-ABSENT…

This study investigated the effects of training in the use of advance organizers and interspersed questions on the comprehension and attitudes of good, average, and poor eighth-grade readers who were randomly assigned, by intact classroom units, to one of three treatment groups. The first treatment group received eight sessions of training in the…

The Talk-Write method of teaching college composition, developed by Robert Zoellner, can be adapted for use in secondary and upper elementary classrooms. The method, which focuses on the process of writing, involves teaming students in pairs. One student then talks out a composition, sentence by sentence, while the partner asks questions to draw…

This document is the presenter's guide to SO 008 871. The document is the result of three and one-half years of effort to improve social studies in the secondary schools in Iowa. Perspectives, part one of the two-part series, presents information and background to aid in the reform, innovation, and evaluation of social studies programs. This…

A resolution to the problem of confusion over the usage of terminology in the field of social studies curriculum is proposed. Facets of the problem of confusion are that (1) some terms represent such broad and imprecise concepts, and have little commonly accepted meaning; (2) a given term might have a limited number of meanings which accord with…

The purpose of this study was to describe the questioning strategies which fifth-grade teachers employed in their classroom discussions during the teaching of science. The areas of investigation included the initial questioning interchange made by the teacher and a classification of the question into a taxonomy, the forms of the student response…

This was a study to see whether students learn specific material better in classes which emphasize recitation on fact questions or recitation which involves the students in higher cognitive reasoning and interpreting skills. A series of 10 one-hour ecology lessons were taught by specially trained teachers; the same curriculum materials were…

A teacher education program intended to increase the variety of questioning techniques employed by science instructors is presented and evaluated. Used by four different groups of secondary teachers, this module presents a question category classification structure based on the Aschner-Gallagher system, but modified to be specific for science…

This study investigated the feasibility of designing, developing, and using an interactive computer program which would encourage effective questioning behaviors by participating mathematics teachers. The computer role was that of a fictitious class; participating teachers asked questions at a terminal and the program generated responses of the…

The purpose of this paper is to summarize and evaluate experiments which examined the effects of teacher questions on student achievement. The studies reviewed are of two types: (a) training experiments, in which the independent variable is teacher training; and (b) skills experiments, in which the frequency and manner of use of a teaching skill…

This manual, the culmination of a demonstration project, is designed to aid school districts in adopting the microteaching minicourse as an inservice education program for improving specific behavioral skills of teachers. The introductory section describes the microteaching minicourse sequence of viewing an instructional and a model film, teaching…

The stated null hypothesis of this study is that "there will be no significant difference in criterion instrument scores which measure the numbers of types of questions (basic, leading, probing) which teachers ask their students among the following groups of inservice elementary teachers who purposefully self-evaluate their teaching by (1) self…

Comprehension is seen as involving meaningful communication between author and reader. Different degrees of comprehension such as literal comprehension, evaluation, reorganization, and reaction are discussed, and experience, intelligence, language development, and decoding skills are noted as important factors which influence reading…

In a study designed to investigate the relative effectiveness of three methods of television utilization, 817 fifth grade students were exposed to 12 telelessons on a science unit about insects. With one group of students, the teachers were instructed to use a Socratic approach, ask questions and give immediate knowledge of correct responses. In…

The research study reported in this monograph was designed to assess the effects of three types of feedback-evaluation procedures (two of which involved the use of video tape) in changing the question-asking behavior of inservice teachers. Three randomly formed groups of sixth-grade teachers participated in the three-stage study, with each group…