Describes an approach to facilitating students' understanding of themselves and others. It utilizes attribution theory, perceptual psychology, and literature to help students understand what leads people--themselves and others--to do the things they do. (Author/RK)

Presents a study of the effects of modeling, direct instruction and suggested attributions on children's donating and sharing behavior. Seven- and ten-year-old children served as subjects. (BD)

A sample of 36 hyperactive boys between the ages of 7 and 12 was tutored individually for two months in a classroom setting. Interactions among two types of behavior change treatments, two levels of causal attributions, and two levels of medication were examined with regard to two dependent variables. (JMB)

Assessed attributional style of psychoanalysts, behavior therapists, and nontherapists. Results indicated that the clinical task of generating explanations for problematic behavior appeared to be handled differently by psychoanalysts and behavior therapists. Selection of a therapist may be an important factor in determining inferred etiology and…

The abstinence violation effect (AVE) proposed in Marlatt and Gordon's model of smoking relapse was operationalized as a combination of internal, stable, and global causal attributions for smoking following the attainment of abstinence from smoking. Smoking cessation program participants who relapsed following a slip reported significantly higher…

Evaluation of the attribution of cause and solution for personal problems of 319 deaf college students found that (1) attribution tended to vary as a function of the type of problem; and (2) that subjects were more disposed to internality than externality for both cause and solution. (DB)

Two studies, involving elementary school children, investigated children's representation of adults' use of the moral intentionality principle, with particular emphasis on the distinction between causal attributions of events-to-the-situation vs. events-to-the-person. (JS)

American culture attributes success and failure to four factors (native ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck) existing on three continuums (locus, stability, and controllability). This article applies attribution theory to students' beliefs concerning their present and future academic performance and explores implications for both students…

Motivation of band members was tested by asking them a series of questions related to whether they ever challenged for chair positions and their satisfaction with their present placement and skill. Concludes failure and lack of satisfaction with one's current level of performance resulted in fewer challenges and external attributions of success.…

The realities of indirect service delivery are examined, and indirect services that might ideally be provided are considered. Obstacles to moving into a more indirect service oriented model of service delivery, including system-level factors, personal factors, and training factors are discussed. Suggestions are provided for overcoming obstacles.…

Reviews knowledge about suicide in alcoholism: how commonly suicide among alcoholics occurs; which alcoholics commit suicide and why; suicide among alcoholic women and alcoholic physicians; possible predisposing biological factors; possible linkages with depression, adverse life events, and personality disorder; and future research and directions.…

Interviewed heart attack victims (N=287) seven weeks and eight years after their attack. Explored interrelations among causal attributions for the attack, survivor morbidity, and heart attack recurrence. Found that patients who cited benefits from their misfortune seven weeks after the first attack were less likely to have another attack and had…

Chicana and Anglo female subjects responded to verbal descriptions in which an Anglo, Black, or Chicana female experienced either occupational success or failure. Significant variations were found in attributions for occupational outcome as a function of ethnic background of both the subject and the succeeding or failing actor. (Author/GC)

Assessed use of certain rules for judging intentionality of action-outcomes by children of 3, 7, and 11 years. Intentionality judgments based on matching rather than objective rules were observed more frequently. It was concluded that matching rule emerges first in development and is more essential than various objective rules. (Author/DST)

Presents three studies which examined adults' and preschoolers' sensitivity to implicit causality in interpersonal verbs. Findings suggest that the scenes concerning the causes and consequences of interpersonal events can readily be activated in the process of understanding these verbs. This finding holds true for both preschoolers and adults.…