Examines the convergent and discriminant validity of six widely used measures of role-taking skill. The Borke; Rothenberg; Miller, Kessel, and Flavell; Chandler; DeVries; and Glucksberg and Krauss tasks were administered to children in preschool and grades 1, 3, and 5. (Author/JMB)

Study separated two components of drawing: perspective taking and graphic skill. Results suggest that failures of young children to draw occlusion have less to do with graphic skill than was previously thought. Results further suggest that young children have a more general difficulty selecting one perspective and maintaining it over time.…

In discussing letter-writing methods for business communication classes, the article explains that claim letter formats other than the direct approach are not only legitimate, but also effective, and suggests that the approach selected should depend upon the circumstances surrounding the claim. (CT)

In 1982, 13 public school administrators were surveyed to identify issues and problems in bilingual education program administration. Key success factors are supportive leadership, staff training, effective educational technology, community-parent-teacher participation, flexibility, product-process considerations, theoretical understanding, and…

Examines the issue of developmental consistencies between and within levels of moral reasoning, altruism, and perspective coordination. The relative contributions of perspective coordination and moral reasoning to altruistic behavior were examined in fifth grade. (Author/RH)

A total of 120 children between four to eight years of age were administered four sets of visual perspective-taking tasks. Results supported the hypothesis that children's task competence would be a fraction of the number and type of spatial relationships embedded in the stimulus displays. (Author/MP)

Philosophy of education is described and recommendations for how educators should view philosophy of education for maximum utility and how professional philosophers of education should act as professionals are provided. Philosophers of education are urged to demonstrate technical competence in their work and to address philosophical issues…

International studies give the broad background needed for a truly global education. Area studies complement this approach by offering specificity to the issues and providing perspectives that break ehtnocentric and nationalistic molds, giving students the world picture as seen through the eyes of other peoples. (BW)

Assesses the extent to which certain key behaviors said to involve perspective-taking (specifically, cognitive and affective perspective-taking, and altruism) were related to friendship as opposed to popularity. (Author/MP)

Families (N=20) participated in a Plan Something Together task used to measure three dimensions of family individuation: self-assertion, validation, and permeability. Discusses results in the context of several methodological challenges encountered in analyses of family interaction; discusses general strategies for responding to these challenges.…

Elementary school students (N=144) determined which set of pictures looked to them the way a set of blocks looked to a second observer from different perspectives. Results indicated that correct spatial judgments were facilitated when a landmark was present. (Author/DB)

Assesses whether a model of at least two levels of perspective-taking ability beyond egocentrism provides a more adequate account of the variance in subjects' responses across perspective-taking tasks. (Author/MP)

Frames the author-reader-text relationships in terms of contractual agreements. Explores the nature of these contracts and what they entail for authors, readers, and those involved in teaching reading and writing. (RL)

The relationship between role-taking, referential-communication skills, and social competence was assessed in 32 retarded children. (Author/DLS)

Explores "Writer-Based" (expressive rather than communicative) prose in relation to the theory of egocentrism and suggests its implications for the teacher of writing. (DD)