This study compared psychiatric rehabilitees' causal attributions for a vocational outcome with those of a college sample. Causality included personal force factors (ability on the job and effort on the job) and environmental factors (luck). It was found that psychiatric rehabilitees assigned causality in a similar manner to college students.…

Investigated older (N=98) and younger (N=116) persons' responsibility attributions for the cause and solution to a memory problem. Results indicate that both the age of the help-seeker and the problem type affected attributions. An older adult was perceived as less responsible than a younger adult for a memory problem. (RJM)

Research has shown that attributional styles are affected by the attributor's culture, inferential goals, and level of cognitive processing. This study compares the attributions made in sports articles and editorials of newspapers published in Hong Kong and the United States. Implications for the mixed model of social inference are discussed. (LSR)

Studied the construct validity of the dimensions of the Multidimensional-Multiattributional Causality Scale based on B. Wiener's attribution model (1979) in achievement and affiliation goal domains. Results for 172 New Zealand college students provide evidence that the measure is better used as a goal specific measure than a general measure. (SLD)

Examined whether established associations between perceptions of parental differential treatment (PDT) and sibling relationship quality are moderated by children's perceptions and attributions of parental behavior in 61 children (11-13 years) and their siblings. Children did not perceive PDT in two-thirds of instances reported; 75% who…

Psychological buffers were evaluated for their relative contributions to adolescents' perceived risk for suicide. Orthodoxy--commitment to core beliefs--emerged as the single strongest correlate after controlling for the effects of other buffers. The effect of depression on perceived suicide risk was moderated by the adolescent's degree of…

The changing world offers educators a new set of challenges for helping students assume a role as citizens of the world. A proposed strategy for incorporating an intercultural dimension into courses in business communication integrates aspects of experimental, behavioral, and informational learning. (JOW)

Assessed degree of placing blame on self and on partner for violence in women (N=70) who had experiences marital violence. Found characterological self-blame was shown to be most highly associated with repeated physical or sexual abuse in childhood, lack of social support, and high rate of depression once out of the relationship. (Author/ABL)

Investigates the extent to which actor-partner points of view influence the outcomes of conflict messages on perceptions of communicator appropriateness, effectiveness, and global competence. Finds support for the attributional approach used to explain actor-observer judgments of actors' communicative competence. (MG)

A study comparing mean locus of control and attribution scores of 137 elementary students found that underachieving gifted students' mean attribution scores were higher than other groups for ability in success situations. Underachieving gifted and non-gifted students' mean scores were higher than achieving gifted peers for externality and luck in…

Data from 44 boys and 39 girls of 27-63 months of age indicated that children's gender schematization and other cognitive gender schema factors were significantly associated with accuracy in attributing gender-role stereotypes to males and females. (RH)

A quantitative model of belief revision and causal thinking using circumstantial evidence was assessed, using 36 undergraduate students in three experiments. The model assumes beliefs are revised based on a cascaded reasoning process that combines beliefs about the clue/possible cause relationship and the clue's forward and backward implications.…

Examines and supports the notion that many of the problems evidenced by poor readers are related to their passive response to the interactive task of reading. (MM)

The causal structure of schemas for the actions and states by different classes of English verbs was examined in the elicited narratives of 19 preschool children. Results showed that verbs within a class elicited similar narratives, whereas across classes the event descriptions varied in the animacy of the event participants and the causal…

Examined college students' (n=118) attributions about suicide. Male athletes who suicided were judged more emotionally well adjusted than males who suicided because of relationship failure and all females. Athletes of both sexes who suicided were judged more competent and less distressed than individuals who suicided because of failed…