The results showed that LD children were much less able to adopt an alternative viewpoint than their normal counterparts. Moreover, within the group of LD children, females were substantially more egocentric than males. (Author/SBH)

The sociometric testing indicated that the LD children were less popular than their normal peers, but no less insightful about how others regarded them. No relationship between decentering ability and popularity was found. (Author)

Patterns writing instruction after the contemporary quest for weight control: lots of exercises, dedication toward achieving a goal, and developing slowly through carefully planned stages of the whole process. (RL)

Ninety-six first- through fourth-grade children were administered four cognitive perspective-taking tasks in order to assess their ability to coordinate simultaneously their own viewpoint and another person's differing cognitive viewpoint. (CM)

A regression equation indicated that five variables predicted 36 percent of the variance of the role taking scores. These predictor variables were the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Vocabulary score, Matching Familiar Figures errors, sex, neighborhood, and lateral dominance. (Author/DLS)

In this study of eighth-grade boys and girls significant sex differences were found on all measures except field dependence. (MP)

A sequence of interpersonal problems was administered to fourth and fifth graders who initially performed below age norms on perspective taking. The effect of this semistructured training, which actively engaged the children in developing solutions, was compared to that of a "no treatment" and to that of an activity group. (JMB)

Learning disabled (n=28) and normal achieving (n=28) 8- and 9-year-old boys, approximately equated on the variables of IQ, age, and socioeconomic status, were administered three conservation tasks and J. Flavell's measure of cognitive role-taking. (Author/CL)

The study focused on the question of whether the use of general persuasive strategies reflecting progressively higher levels of perspective-taking ability increases with age. (SB)

Compares the many-perspectives account of lexical acquisition--which proposes that children learn to take alternative perspectives along with the words they acquire--to the one-perspective account--which proposes that children are at first able to use only one term to talk about an object or event. Provides evidence from a variety of sources that…

Measured mother-child shared cooperation and positive affect, at 26-41 months and at 43-56 months, in multiple contexts of daily interactions. In dyads high on mutually responsive orientation, mothers resorted to less power, and children were more internalized regarding material values and rules. Mothers high on empathic perspective-taking were…

Examined relation between early fantasy/pretense and knowledge about mental life in 3- and 4-year olds. Found that performance on theory of mind tasks was significantly intercorrelated when effects of verbal intelligence and age were statistically controlled. Individual differences in fantasy/pretense were related to theory of mind performance in…

Misunderstandings in assessing career development are often a reflection of basic underlying differences in perspective. This article illustrates how the perspectives of field orientation, time frame, and goal setting influence such assessment. With this information, implications for practice and suggestions regarding possibilities for a…

Abductive reasoning, which is the basis of hypothesis formation from observation, may facilitate the development of advanced empathy in counselor trainees, a skill which contributes to more effective counseling. (JPS)