Fifty-six occupational therapists and 48 physical therapists were surveyed to determine how they rate various allied health occupations in terms of social status. Findings indicate that both groups rate status similarly, although they rate occupational therapy lower than physical therapy, pointing to the need for image enhancement. (CH)

Explores links between aggression in elementary school children and their perceptions of self-efficacy as well as their response-outcome expectancies. (HOD)

The behaviors of 57 mothers, their preschool-age children, and their infants were observed using a modified "strange situation" to explore the older siblings' potential to act as subsidiary attachment figures. Gamelike tasks were used to assess the conceptual perspective-taking abilities of the older children. (Author/RH)

Business executives, who had worked up a bureaucratic hierarchy, entrepreneurs, and managers completed the Miner Sentence Completion Scale (MSCS), a measure of managerial motivation. Results indicated that theory congruent top executives had higher managerial motivation than entrepreneurs or managers. Findings support the theory and the use of the…

Examines social fantasy play in relation to several indices of social competence in a sample of 91 preschoolers (ages 35 to 69 months). Results indicate the amount and complexity of fantasy play significantly predicted four competency measures: teacher ratings of peer social skill, popularity, affective role taking, and a behavioral summary score…

Studies involving normal, autistic, and Down's syndrome children focused on relationships between social competence, capacity to appreciate visuospatial perspectives, and certain cognitive abilities. Findings suggested that autistic Ss are not especially egocentric in their appreciation of visuospatial perspectives. (CL)

Acquiring the norm of altruism is conceived as a three-step process involving presocialization, awareness that others value altruistic behavior, and internalization of the norm. The present studies investigated how first-, second-, and third-grade children attain the second step. Attainment, occurring around second grade, was a function of…

Reviews the literature on role-taking and adaptive communication. Concludes that researchers should consider social cognition processes other than role-taking in exploring the connection between social perception and adaptive communication. (PD)

Results of this study suggest that regular oral interpretation course work had no effect on student's measured perspective-taking abilities, but an oral interpretation course specifically designed to increase these skills had the predicated effect. (PD)

Targets of educational reform in the United States have included classroom teachers, students, and school structure. Increasingly, nonstructural aspects of schooling are being examined as avenues to educational improvement. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences among professional staff members' perceptions of being in a…

For children to understand history, they need to be able to see the world through the eyes of its participants, and to understand that there are multiple perspectives on the past. This paper focuses on relating theory to practice in history and social studies teaching and curriculum design, emphasizing that historical perspective-taking and…

As the potency of science and its impact upon society grow, the need for a humanistic perspective on science education becomes ever more urgent. Although there is not a consensus about a humanistic conception of science education, this monograph presents a normative conception of humanistic science education, which places primacy on the notion of…

Draws upon ideas about "television effects" and the adolescent peer group to illustrate how interconnections between these two socializing agents contribute to the adolescent's "construction of social reality." Examines how gender, sexual, consumer, and occupational roles as enacted by teenagers are a product of media and peer group influences.…

Recent research data contest Piaget's conclusion that preschool children are totally egocentric, incapable of taking different perspectives, and prevented from acting altruistically. Children are able to decenter when experiments enable children to use their knowledge of very basic human purposes, intentions, and interactions. (Author/DB)

Replicates a study of spatial egocentrism in Thai 5- to 7-year-old children, using a sample of 4- to 8-year-old Australian children. (Author/CM)