In two experiments, subjects were instructed to take a distinctive point of view while reading and recalling a story. The results were interpreted to mean that the schema brought into play by the perspective instructions selectively enhances encoding when operative during reading, and selectively enhances retrieval when operative during attempts…

Eighteen second-grade boys and girls identified as being high or low role-takers were videotaped teaching two same-sex kindergartners to make construction-paper caterpillars. High and low role-takers differed on eight dimensions of the 16 categories of prosocial behavior coded during videotaped observations. (Author/MP)

Reports a preliminary study of the four-level theory of role-taking. Investigates the hypothesis that the use of each role-taking level in describing the self correlates with the use of the same role-taking level in describing other persons. Discusses implications for interpersonal communication research. (PD)

The authors outline Piaget's "mountain task" which measured egocentrism and perspective taking in young children, then present three studies of the same construct which used a different task, the "hiding game." These studies indicated much less egocentrism in young children than Piaget found. These differences are discussed.…

Perspective (the ability of an educated individual to evaluate the significance of things and events in relation to other things and events) is seen as critical to undergraduate education. Perspective offers a view that should be broadening and is seen as the essence of liberal education. (MLW)

Goals of the study, among others, were (1) to refine a system for assessing the developmental level of persuasive strategies, and (2) to test the hypothesis that children employ more advanced persuasive strategies when addressing unfamiliar rather than familiar persuasive targets (strangers v parents). (JMF)

College students who took the Defining Issues Test (DIT) were instructed to simulate the responses of 11-, 15-, and 19-year-old adolescents; other college students selected moral issues which they believed should be presented to adolescents in those age groups who were faced with the moral dilemmas in the DIT. (Author/DB)

Sixty-four 3- and 4-year-olds were asked to identify another's view of a spatial array either verbally or by picture selection. Results indicate that verbalization leads to substantially more correct responses. Girls' performance was significantly better than boys' performance across both response modes. (Author/DB)

Preoperational and concrete-operational first and second graders performed on a training task and a generalization task prior to and after serving in one of five instructional groups. The instructional groups were: no-training control, specific self-instruction, specific didactic control, general self-instruction and general didactic control.…

Describes the use of extended role play in a social simulation as a major teaching strategy for a family communication course. The strategy provides the students with a safe but challenging set of family systems for analyzing communication interaction. (JMF)

Interviews with mothers, coupled with the adolescents' IQ scores, revealed that female adolescents' IQ scores were related to interests, responsibilities, and further education. Male adolescents' IQ scores were related to responsibilities and further education. Vocational goals provided some evidence of sex differences. Females were reported more…

Reports on four tests of Charles R. Berger's role enactment model of persuasion, which is addressed to generalizing counterattitudinal communication to social situations when persons find themselves encoding belief-discrepant messages. (JMF)

To facilitate the goals of the International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP) in Catholic schools, the Diocese of Madison, Wisconsin, is offering a consciousness raising, sensitization program. Teachers resource kits are provided to help students explore facts and attitudes about handicaps. Part of a theme issue on disabilities. (Author/SJL)

Notes changes in feminist criticism that have occurred and that must occur so that it maintains its legitimacy. Proposes changes that would firmly ground feminist criticism as a vital part of gender studies and literary criticism. (RL)

The fundamental assumptions of evaluation are recognition of the multiple realities or truths, and importance of rationality. The major roles of evaluation are critical examination, clarification, and facilitation of change. Finally, the evaluator should be aware that political, human, economic, and legal influences on an evaluation relate…