Compares dyslexic children with normal readers on measures of phonological decoding and automatic word processing. Finds that dyslexics have a deficit in automatic phonological decoding skills. Discusses results within the framework of the phonological deficit and the automatization deficit hypotheses. (RS)

Investigates secondary content teachers' conceptions of study strategy instruction across four different stages of professional training and experience and across four major discipline areas. Finds a lack of knowledge and/or valuing of study strategies; and a confusion of effective content teaching with effective process instruction, especially on…

Uses exploratory data analysis to examine changes in individual reading and spelling patterns during first grade. Notes that subjects received 45 minutes of daily letter-sound instruction. Finds that spelling and reading responses progressed from nonphonetic, to phonetic, to correct. Finds also that those slow to improve in phoneme deletion were…

Administers reading tests to asthmatic students and questionnaires to parents concerning the prevalence of reading difficulties and immune disorders. Finds that the proportion of students with reading problems--especially phonological problems--was much higher than would be expected in a normal reading population, and finds an elevated incidence…

Finds that readers will not completely comprehend the sentences they read unless sufficiently motivated by situational demands. Shows that complete comprehension entails three separate yet interdependent processing tasks but that experimental participants had a strategy of minimal task satisfaction: they did not resolve anaphors, build structures,…

Explores changes in reading behavior in Israel between 1970 and 1990. Shows that: electronic media has not displaced print media, the majority of the population uses all the available print media, active reading correlates with activities considered high culture, newspapers are less functional, and traditional illiteracy is making a comeback due…

Explores the nature and use of reading in an inquiry-based high school mathematics classroom. Finds multiple ways of reading in a semester-long course on "mathematical connections," and that these reading practices constituted ways to learn and do mathematics. Suggests that students learn with and through as well as from text in…

Investigates text cues and comprehension strategies used by competent readers comprehending lengthy written arguments. Finds that both text structure and signaling in introductions and conclusions consistently influenced the 12th-grade advanced placement English students' responses. Notes that these cues helped students recognize the argument…

Discusses portrayals of animals in children's realistic animal fiction over the course of the 20th century. Shows how the definition of animal hero generally changed from wild animals that were heroic for surviving against all odds to domesticated animals that were heroic for rescuing humans from wild beasts. Discusses animals as victims. (SR)

Investigates the responses of three first-grade boys to interactive computer books. Shows that the children demonstrated high interest in reading the computer books, and indicates that transactional reading experiences can take place in an electronic reading environment. (SR)

Explores the literacy experiences of five diverse students (three of whom in previous years had received reading instruction in pull-out programs) participating in small-group literature discussions. Illustrates how diverse learners can successfully draw on their own backgrounds and experiences to create an environment for developing rich and…

Tests undergraduate students on efficiencies of lexical access, semantic memory access, verbal working memory span, contextual priming, and efficiency with which anaphors are resolved. Finds that none of the reading subcomponent measures correlated with comprehension when subjects were not under a time pressure, but a number of these measures…

Investigates manipulating the use of anaphoric relations and text adherence to story grammar rules to produce different conditions of inferencing demands for college-age students. Finds that text learning was more evident in the low-inference group for both passage types. Finds also that subjects in the same group manifested greater accuracy in…

Examines whether content textbook selections could be rewritten to enhance elementary students' comprehension of unfamiliar vocabulary. Finds that elementary students' vocabulary learning was enhanced when the texts were revised to be more considerate to the reader with attention to completeness, explicitness, proximity, and clarity of context…

Extends an earlier study of the knowledge and use of literacy portfolios as an assessment tool among educators. Finds that familiarity with portfolios has grown. Finds a decline in practical problems with portfolio use but a continued concern with planning, managing, and organizing portfolios. (RS)