Investigates relations among young preschoolers' social cognitive abilities, expression of emotions, and prosocial responses to others' emotions. Results suggested that subjects' social cognitive acuity and differential responding to emotion have heretofore been underrated. (Author/DR)

Dilemma content had a significant effect on moral judgement, with a tendency for each age group to use a higher level of judgment when the situation described was age-appropriate. Results indicated a significant age difference on a measure of spontaneous role taking: old persons made more definitive moral judgments than the younger adults.…

Second- and fourth-grade children viewed a cylindrical object in nine positions and identified the 90- , 180- , or 270-degree positions from a set of photographs. Perspectives in which the object differed from the child's view in both left-right and near-far dimensions were more difficult than perspectives that only transformed one dimension.…

Found that students cast in the roles of managers in the SIMCORP simulation reported different perceptions about learning than did students cast in the roles of workers. (SIMCORP is an interactive simulated complex organization which specializes in information dissemination.) (PD)

The devaluation of racial, ethnic, or religious groups, sometimes disguised as humor, is a major contributor to violence and aggression against these groups. In an effort to understand this process, five factors of humor: negative ethnic stereotype jokes, play-on-word jokes, academic/social referent cartoons, gender/establishment jokes, and gross…

Teachers represent a connection between students and parents. They have an enormous impact on how the philosophy of a school is translated and communicated to these two groups of constituents. Teachers are also intermediaries between the institution and the students, yet because of their sheer numbers in these institutions, they are also part of…

This article examines how participants in an interview use different linguistic and social resources in order to construct multiple, complex self-representations. It discusses interviews from a critical discourse perspective. In particular, it suggests that interviews are sites of struggle where individuals strive to construct representations of…

Results indicated that cooperative learning experiences, compared with competitive and individualistic ones, promoted more interpersonal attraction between 12 learning disabled and behavior problem fourth graders and 47 nonhandicapped peers and promoted higher self-esteem for all students. Cooperation promoted greater perspective-taking ability…

Compares the importance of role taking and the logical operations stage of child development in predicting children's understanding of the purpose of television advertising. Research on children's comprehension of television commercials is briefly reviewed and the subjects of the study, as well as the study methodology, are described. (Author/JL)

Describes the development of cognitive structure in adolescence as establishing isomorphism between subject and environment. Identifies two dimensions of stages in the development of individuals'"work structure," i.e., the network of relations existing between the individual and his work.

Examined the relationship between self-esteem discrepancies and depression in a long-term intimate relationship. Findings supported the hypothesis that depression is associated with discrepancies between married partners' self-appraisals, perceptions of spouse's appraisal, and spouse's actual appraisal. (Author/DB)

Preadolescent emotionally disturbed (N=35), learning disabled (N=31), and normal boys (N=14) boys were compared on social perspective taking and behavioral measures to examine posible contributions of social cognitive deficits to children's adjustment problems. (Author)

Elementary-level children were asked to coordinate perspectives on spatial stimuli with a normal observer, a blindfolded observer, and an inanimate doll observer. The lowest overall, as well as egocentric error rates, were noted for the normal observer condition with the remaining two conditions yielding similar trends. (Editor/SJL)

Evaluators can convey what Polanyi calls propositional knowledge by explicitly stating technical information. To express the residue left unsaid (ineffable knowledge), skillful use of anecdote, analogy and metaphor is needed. The audience must feel they have shared the evaluator's experience. (CP)

A sample of the aged derived from the 1900 federal manuscript census reveals that when aged parents and children coresided, the old were more often the heads of houses than their children. Unlike the aged today, they continued to work and to have children at home as they did in middle age. (Author)