These studies aim to determine whether a partner's social role and extent of incorrectness were factors capable of interfering with the effects of social marking in spatial transformation tasks. Social marking refers to a condition in which correspondence exists between cognitive relations and some social relation. Experiment 1 assigned 68…

This paper describes the development of Allo-Centered (altruistic other-centered) Psychotherapy, an other-centered form of counseling which aims to redirect the client's orientation from self to others. It is noted that this approach is also suitable for clients from group-oriented cultures such as Asians, Pacific Islanders, or Latin Americans.…

An instrument for determining pupil's perception of teacher behaviors is described. The inventory asked pupils to respond to statements reflecting teacher behavior in four major aspects of teaching: relating to pupils; mediating the learning process; diagnosing and evaluating; and managing and structuring the learning environment. As a parallel…

Empathy as a personality variable and as related to social behavior in young children has not been examined for its specificity with regard to various affect classes but has generally been treated as a global response to all affect classes. Three kinds of evidence relative to the specificity of empathic responses are analyzed: (1) correlations…

A review of communication research was conducted to (1) describe and clarify the nature of empathy, (2) investigate the construct of assertiveness, (3) posit a possible relationship between empathy and assertiveness, and (4) provide possible suggestions for future research. The literature indicates that conceptualizations of empathy primarily…

Research in developmental social cognition should detail commonalities between self and other as well as the self-other differentiation process. A method which indexed developmental changes in the understanding of both intersubjective rules of interpersonal behavior and subjective individual perspectives was devised to research questions…

This paper deals with one view of cognitive social learning and its applications to the psychological analysis of moral competence and moral conduct. The concept of cognitive and behavioral construction competencies is explained and cognitive competencies are said to be among the very best predictors of "honesty" in conduct. Moral…

Longitudinal support was obtained for a positive relationship between cognitive and social development. From a large sample of kindergarteners, three groups of 12 children of comparable age and IQ were selected as displaying substantial, moderate, or no mastery of Piagetian concrete operations. From kindergarten through second grade, the social…

Thirty undergraduate students discussed a moral issue with a confederate who held either the same or the opposing opinion. Subjects in the controversy condition indicated more accurate understanding of the confederate's reasoning than their counterparts; however, noncontroversy subjects erroneously believed they understood the confederate's…

In a task in which 4- and 7-year-old children were asked to select a photograph depicting the visual perspective of a puppet which was placed at various locations around a dollhouse, three types of errors were examined in relation to the shielded vs. nonshielded condition, age, and type of vantage point. (SB)

Examines the relationships among different dimensions of empathy, communication, and prosocial behavior. Supports an altruistic interpretation of prosocial behavior and suggests that the egoistic model be reformulated. (JK)

Examines a general developmental hypothesis concerned with children's understanding of perceptual experience, memory, intentions, and emotions. It is hypothesized that young children view the mind as passive in relation to the external world and regard external events as determining subjective experience, whereas older children know many ways that…

Based on correlational data, concludes that students who cannot take another person's perspective may have difficulty with inferential comprehension because they cannot identify with a story's characters. (SRT)

Explores the differences between boys and girls (5- and 7-year-olds) in their use of two kinds of strategies with interpersonal conflict: (1) active persuasion and negotiation, and (2) mitigation without disrupting social harmony between the interactors. (HOD)

Focuses on the various social work skills, roles, and tasks that are useful for shock-trauma service. Discusses strategies and techniques that social workers who are beginners in trauma work can call on to enter this medically oriented system. (Author/ABB)