Investigated the impact of old-age and attractiveness stereotypes on persuasion. College students (N=220) read essays attributed to young or old authors. Attractive authors were rated higher and were more persuasive relative to unattractive authors when the essay was weak. (Author/JAC)

In one study, male college students showed higher grade expectations than females, and grades were attributed more often to ability by males and to effort by females. In a second study, both sexes considered effort a more significant determinant of grades. Sex role orientation influenced academic expectations, attribution, and performance.…

Explored the effects of consistent and inconsistent combinations of paradoxical and nonparadoxical interpretations and directives in brief counseling with moderately depressed college students. Paradoxical interpretations were associated with more symptom remission than were nonparadoxical interpretations. The nature of the directives students…

The theoretical and practical implications of viewing difficult temperament as a characteristic of the individual rather than as a social perception are discussed, with an emphasis on an interactionist view of developmental process. (Author/MP)

Untrained normal achievers attributed failure to adoption of specific task strategies, while untrained learning disabled boys attributed failure to task difficulty. Characteristics of learned helplessness were apparent in the impaired performance of the learning-disabled boys. Normal achievers appeared to have developed active and independent…

Hypothesizes that the growing body of empirical data concerning attribution theory offers insight into the administrative process. To stimulate research to test this hypothesis, presents previous relevant research and a theory entitled Administrative Attribution Theory. Research questions applying the theory to educational administration are…

Descriptions of task performances by young and old women were judged by young (N=352) and old (N=96) women on Weiner attributions of ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck, and on chronological age. Found age more strongly endorsed for failure of the older, and success of the younger person. (Author/RC)

Examines four individual causal attributions (ability, effort, context, and luck) for success and failure in social affilation. Both an internal-external dimension and a stable-unstable dimension were used. Subjects were 684 university students from India, Japan, South Africa, United States, and Yugoslavia. (Author/MP)

The Classroom Strategy Survey (CSS) is an investigation of teachers' thinking about strategies for coping with 12 types of problem students. Teachers were interviewed with a series of vignettes. This report deals with teachers' responses to the vignettes. (Author/GK)

Investigates the relationship between an observer's familiarity with the normal, truthful communicative behavior of an individual, and the observer's ability to detect deception on the part of that individual. Provides an experimental test of the degree of linearity between familiarity and judgmental accuracy in detecting deception. (JMF)

Conceptualization and measurement of the control dimension is discussed from three theoretical perspectives: social learning, attribution, and intrinsic motivation theories. For each of these, evidence on the relationship between achievement and perceptions of control is summarized. Recommendations are made for research which will advance…

The authors conducted a developmental test of the discounting principle (that the role of a given cause in producing effects is reduced if other plausible causes are also present) by showing an animated film to kindergarten and second-grade children. Results conflicted with previous research findings. (Author/DB)

Clinicians and nonclinicians made causal attributions to actor behaviors. Analysis showed clear observer attribution bias for both groups. A greater bias occurred with deviant actor behavior and in situations that featured actor actions over opinions over emotions. Results are discussed in terms of applicability to clinical practice. (Author/JAC)

Instructors were taught that pupil ability was either extrinsic or intrinsic, and were led to believe one pupil possessed high ability and one low ability. Instructors adopted teaching strategies based on the theory of ability they had been taught. Pupils behaved in ways which confirmed teacher expectations. (Author/DB)

Effects of actually earned and randomly assigned grades were investigated. Earned grade had minor effects on evaluation of the instructor, but less adequate students were found to show greater evaluation-rating shifts as a function of manipulations performed. Responses made to attribution questions were consonant with reponses to evaluation items.…