Forty-two brain injured boys and 42 non brain injured boys (aged 11-6 to 12-6) were tested to determine the effects of increasing amounts of visual and auditory distraction on reading performance. The Stanford Achievement Reading Comprehension Test was administered with three degrees of distraction. The visual distraction consisted of either very…

The relationship between visual and auditory performance and reading achievement came under scrutiny in this study. It was thought that both poor and average readers would perform better on auditory tasks than on visual ones but that this discrepancy would be considerably greater for the poor or retarded reader. Seventy-two children from grades 1,…

A study of the effects on responses to a word association task of varying the modality of the input of the stimulus word was used as a means of doing step-wise analysis of word association data. Subjects were 70 males and 70 females randomly selected from adult basic education classes in the Atlanta, Georgia, area and assigned to one of the…

To determine the efficacy of auditory, visual and combined auditory-visual modes of presenting verbal material, 12 first-grade, 12 third-grade and 12 fifth-grade children were tested on paired associates lists presented under visual, auditory and combined auditory-visual conditions. Pictures rather than printed words were used as visual stimuli to…

The effectiveness of an automated free-play television game as a means for measuring normal and language impaired children's preferential selection of closely regulated sound values was studied. The subjects were 24 preschool children (18 with normal language function and 6 with language disabilities) from four through six years of age. The…

This report describes the efforts of the Office of Research and Extension of the North Carolina State University (NCSU) School of Education to develop vocal computer-assisted instruction (CAI) tutorials for blind junior college students, the rationale behind those efforts, the costs and means of funding for the project, and suggested ways in which…

First, third and fifth graders performed semantic acoustic and orthographic orienting activities to different words in a list. Their free recall of the words was tested after the orienting activity. The semantic task yielded better results than the other two which did not differ. (Author/MS)

The retention of the conditioned response was tested in a retroactive interference paradigm. Results suggested that what is learned by children in simple conditioning paradigms is different than what is learned by adults in the same paradigms. (Author/PN)

In a series of four experiments, subjects used scales of loudness, pitch, and brightness to evaluate the meanings of a variety of synesthetic metaphors--expressions in which words or phrases describing experiences proper to one sense modality transfer their meaning to another modality. (Author/PN)

A system of precategorized acoustic storage has accounted for the recency effect obtained in the immediate serial recall of sequences of digits, consonants, or syllables. Four experiments in recall of word sequences investigated fit to this model. A system of postcategorical lexical storage was concluded to explain the results. (Author/RD)

Reports a study showing that subjects can make discriminative judgments about a speaker's sex and race from his tape-recorded speech. Filtering the speech signal adversely affects race but not sex identification. Listener accuracy and confidence for sex judgments are greater than for race judgments. (PMJ)

Explored the relative effectiveness of four modes of delivery (live, video-audio, audio, and manuscript) on content retention among Black college students. Did not find significant differences in retention among the four experimental groups. Attributes the absence of differences to the small amount retained in general. (GC)

Reports three experiments investigating the relationship of the suffix effect and echoic memory. Shows that echoic memory persists for at least 20 seconds. Illustrates that echoic memory can be used to establish a more effective nonechoic memory. Shows that recency recall is higher to auditory than to visual items. (PMJ)

Reports on studies testing a method that uses a television monitor to present simultaneously the visual and auditory versions of sentences, as a way of facilitating the teaching of reading. (GT)