Studies involving puzzle-solving in competitive, cooperative, and individual settings demonstrate that children's reactions to their own and other's success and failure are strongly influenced by the reward contingencies offered. Reward structures have different implications for children differing in self-concept level. Implications for the…

This paper describes two experiments conducted to assess the impact of the need for effective control on attributions made in a conflict situation. Subjects were college students. (CM)

Investigated whether trait differences in self-consciousness would account for egocentric attribution bias in social interaction. Bias was greater for high public self-consciousness. Public self-consciousness had no effect in the Interaction Unimportant Condition where social interaction was not salient. Contrary to prediction, however, the…

Examines the development of the child's concepts of certainty and uncertainty within the context of concrete and propositional reasoning tasks. Subjects were first, third, and fifth graders. Findings support the position that reasoning about concrete certainty and uncertainty requires a different competence than that required for reasoning about…

Three systems of motivation (ability-evaluative, task mastery, and moral responsibility) and their implicit value orientations shared by students and teachers are defined. This qualitative perspective relates to distinct cognition networks, involving goals and values, attributions, and strategy beliefs. Student motivation and teacher motivation…

A meta analysis of research on children's attributions for success and failure was conducted to test the adequacy of the egotistic bias hypothesis for children in grades one to seven. Results supported the egotism hypothesis and indicated that both question wording and research context are important determinants of children's attributions.…

Parents and supplementary caregivers from family day care homes and day care centers completed the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire for 64 infants and toddlers. Results indicated that caregivers from day care centers perceived the temperament of children in their care as significantly more difficult than caregivers of children in family day…

This study provides a parametric extension of the immediate feedback and partial credit components of Pressey's corrective testing procedure. On several measures of students' subjective reactions, corrective testing feedback was superior to conventional multiple choice format. Providing students two attempts to answer each item obtained the most…

Experienced teachers (n=202) enrolled in graduate courses were characterized as externals or internals using Rotter's I-E Locus of Control Scale. Response choices of solutions employing intrinsic or extrinsic motivation for academic and conduct problem vignettes were analyzed. Results support a positive relation between externality and extrinsic…

Discusses the problems of battered women in terms of four types of battering, the incidence and significance of battering, and theories of the causes of battering. Presents psychological profiles of battered women and men who batter and describes the role of Hiatus House, a residential shelter in Ontario. (JAC)

Many studies have shown that media violence has an effect on children's subsequent aggression. This study expands upon previous research in three directions: (1) by examining several subtypes of aggression (verbal, relational, and physical); (2) by measuring media violence exposure across three types of media (television, movies/videos, and video…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the academic achievement discrepancy observed between Asian and non-Asian students by examining self-efficacy and several motivational factors. Original and revised versions of A. Bandura's Scale of Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning and measures of study effort, effort attribution, and academic…

Explored the impact of a child's suicide on the community. Adults (N=80) responded to newspaper accounts of a girl who died either from disease, an accident, a drug overdose, or hanging. The child and her family were perceived as most disturbed and her parents most blameworthy in the suicide. (JAC)

Given a consistent interaction of student locus of attribution and mode of teacher response, the study sought to determine whether attribution levels could be changed for 69 elementary grade learning disabled students and poor readers. The results indicate that difficulty is encountered in trying to change students' attributions, (Author/SEW)

A study applied path analysis methods, using new techniques of causal analysis, to the problem of predicting the achievement, dropout rate, and satisfaction of university students. Besides providing explanations, the technique indicates possible remedial measures. (MSE)