Teacher responses to problem student behavior was studied. Responses were coded for teachers' attributional inferences, concerning both problem students and their own ability to handle the problems. Attibutional inferences differed according to problem ownership. For problems owned primarily by teachers themselves, students were seen as acting…

The relationships of children's perceptions of the causes of academic success or failure to achievement behavior and to reading ability were examined using two measures: Crandall's Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale (IAR), and a measure of students' causal attributions relating to performance of a single, specific task. Subjects were…

The loss, deterioration, or atrophy of internal bonding has been found in large segments of the youth population; such youths are characterized by apathy and aimlessness regarding major life values and goals such as education, vocation, individuality, and social affirmation. Social disconnectedness in terms of the loss and deterioration of…

Systematic investigations have verified the existence of a number of behavioral manifestations of the "Type A" behavior pattern. For example, brief exposure to salient uncontrollable stress has led to enhanced performance by Type A's on a subsequent task, whereas prolonged exposure has lead to performance deterioration. The ongoing experiences of…

This paper discusses the association between achievement motivation and cultural differences. It maintains that the culturally different can be motivated to achieve if provided the proper motivational context. Earlier traditions for stimulating achievement motivation in the classroom are reviewed, including changing the person, changing the…

Socio-psychological research concerning the relationship between attributions and coping with negative events unrelated to marriage suggests two constructs, blame and perceived control, which may influence conflict resolution in marriage. Married women (N=32) were interviewed in an investigation of attributions of control and blame for marital…

A study was conducted to determine how males and females were perceived when using identical dominant behaviors. The subjects, 360 college students, viewed one of six stimulus drawings of groups of four seated people and indicated their attributions of dominant behavior on 22 bipolar perceptual scales. Analyses were conducted to create and compare…

Very little is known about discrimination against the handicapped in employment situations and the processes by which it occurs. Mature students (N=72) in personnel and behavioral science courses evaluated epileptic or non-epileptic, male or female applicants for an auto sales or receptionist position. Subjects reviewed an applicant's resume…

This study examines the interactive roles of social, cultural, and cognitive developmental factors in determining children's moral and achievement judgments. A total of 1485 male and female Iranian children/students of diverse social background (ranging in age from 4-18) served as subjects. Subjects were asked to evaluate (reward/punishment) the…

It was hypothesized, following attribution theory, that psychological closeness to the perpetrators of delinquency would lead to its being explained in terms of external factors. Consistent with these hypotheses, the 15-year-old subjects endorsed less individualistic explanations and stressed the social functions of delinquency. (Author/LMO)

Restated in such a way as to isolate and remove the confounding influence of overall attributional style, the learned helplessness model of depression works for affective, somatic, and psychological symptoms of 160 Filipino college students. Applied to 227 American students, the restated model predicts affective and psychological, but not somatic,…

Examined attribution patterns of 132 Japanese-American and 63 Anglo-American university students who completed Mathematics Attribution Scale, achievement motivation, anxiety, and self-esteem measures. Compared to Anglo-Americans, Japanese-Americans attributed their success in algebra more to external causes and attributed their failure in algebra…

Describes the theory and known influences on learned helplessness, particularly in the mathematics field, and discusses prevention and remediation with respect to this phenomenon. (PK)

Examines cognitive processing and semantic influences on the developmental patterning of everyday social explanation in a cross-cultural investigation undertaken among American and Hindu adults and children (ages 8, 11, and 15). (HOD)

Determinants of children's self-perceptions of ability were assessed in 158 second and sixth graders by examining intercorrelations among self-ratings of ability, effort, and conduct and by exploring criteria used for these judgments. Results suggest that children's judgments of ability, effort, and conduct are interrelated but distinguishable.…