In an absolute frequency judgment task, 130 sixth graders received either high-frequency (Hi-F), low-frequency, high-meaningfulness (Lo-F/Hi-M), or low-frequency, low-meaningfulness (Lo-F/Lo-M) words selected from the 1944 Thorndike-Lorge list. Subjects were asked to either pronounce the words aloud, listen to the examiner prounounce the written…

The purpose of this study was to determine the part of a word upon which first and fifth graders depend most in word recognition and to determine whether any change occurs between grades one and five. Fifty-six first grade students and sixty-three fifth graders were tested. The children individually read sixty words from flash cards presented by…

This bibliography, intended as a supplement to a previous bibliography (see ED 099 830), includes 152 listings of articles, books, papers, and dissertations containing a significant cloze component. Entries are listed alphabetically by author. This supplement includes 152 entries, making the total of entries in the original bibliography and this…

Causal priorities between word meaning ability and paragraph meaning ability were examined in three types of readers across a period of nine months. Subjects were 180 pupils in seventh and eighth grade. They were categorized by relative performance in word and paragraphs meaning into three groups defined as "balanced," and "word dominant," and…

The major goal of this study was to investigate first grade children's ability to use initial letter, middle letter, final letter and word configuration cues to recognize words in context. Subjects were forty-six children, 23 boys and 23 girls, from both first grade classes of a private school in suburban Philadelphia. Three letter words were…

This bulletin presents four papers on how to control, manipulate, and predict the readability of printed materials. The first paper describes trends in readability brought about by research tools developed by psychologists and linguists. The second paper explores the effects of word frequency in printed materials on comprehension and concludes…

The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of 32 kindergarten, first, second, and third grade children to comprehend selected grammatical features, to explain the meaning of these grammatical features and to produce them while reading orally. It was found that there were significant differences among tasks, grammatical features, and…

This paper reviews the research on sex differences in intellectual functioning as it relates to verbal abilities, spatial abilities, and reading aptitudes. Research supports such statements as: sex aptitudes do not become significantly apparent until adolescence; males perform better than females on problems involving field-indep (picking out one…

This book is directed at the pre-service undergraduate and the in-service graduate student who must possess basic knowledge of how the orthography of American English is structured while pursuing the requisite skills for teaching competence in reading. Chapter one is a brief introduction. Chapter two, "Phonetics, Phonemics, and Phonics," considers…

In 1974, the National Right to Read Effort asked that the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) conduct a Mini-Assessment of Functional Literacy (MAFL) in conjunction with its regular assessment of ten learning areas usually taught in school. The first MAFL was administered to 5,200 17-year-olds statistically selected to represent the…

The purpose of this study was to examine the reading interests and related activities of ninth grade students from two different economic environments. The subjects were 170 ninth grade students enrolled in two high schools of DeKalb County, Georgia. Students completed a questionnaire devised to collect data concerning parental occupations,…

This report is concerned with the status of former clinic subjects who completed instruction two to seven years prior to this study. Changes in reading performance were investigated, actual reading level was compared with the reading expectancy level for each student, and the subjects' and parents' ratings of the subjects' reading performance and…

Learning can be viewed as either a product or a process. The product view suggests that learning is the result of precise manipulations on the part of an instructor. The process position emphasizes that learning originates in the learner as a result of his or her mental and physical manipulations. These two philosophical vantage points have…

This Colorado Department of Education final report describes the reading program efforts aimed at increasing the reading skills of students who were behind in reading achievement. "Summary and Recommendations" summarizes the results for the 1972-73 program. "Introduction" discusses the purpose and the plan, appropriation of…

This study assessed the attitudes of secondary school teachers toward incorporating the teaching of reading skills with content. The subjects were all social studies teachers working with grade levels nine through twelve. Two groups of these teachers were administered a questionnaire--group A was composed of 21 teachers at one of four high schools…