In "Utilization Focused Evaluation" (1997), Patton introduced the term "process use" to describe changes in thinking and behavior, whether at the individual, program, or organizational level, as a result of one's participation in an evaluation, irrespective of the evaluation results. In conversations with stakeholders, Patton found that although…

The study was a randomized placebo-controlled trial testing whether fluoxetine selectively enhances cessation for smokers with a history of depression. Euthymic smokers with (H+, n = 109) or without (H-, n = 138) a history of major depression received 60 mg fluoxetine or placebo plus group behavioral quit-smoking treatment for 12 weeks. Fluoxetine…

This study examined whether direct, interval-by-interval measures of treatment integrity would make it possible to distinguish whether equivocal intervention results could be attributed to the intervention itself, or to poor implementation. Josh, an eight-year-old 3rd grader, performed at or slightly above his peers' academically, yet engaged in…

This book takes a cognitive-behavioral approach to help readers learn a strategy for eliminating their self-defeating behaviors. It allows readers to move logically through a complete system for eliminating such behaviors. Unit 1 presents an introduction to the book and explains how to use it. It is recommended that readers read the text and…

A sprightly tongue-in-cheek poen on the advantages of a behavior modification procedure. A short biography of Jessie Stanton, a pioneer in nursery education in this century, is included. (ED)

The author's recommendations for educators in facing the future call for radical changes in perception and behavior rather than for vast programs with vaster budgets. Chief of these is a change in the approach to "objectivity." (JA)

The effects of a procedure based on differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) on stereotypic responses and task performance were tested with three autistic students (14-21 years old). The procedure was unique because the time interval employed between potential opportunities for reinforcement was the natural length of one instructional…

Teacher behavior toward two different groups of target students was altered by presenting teachers with information about their previous interaction with the target children. Changes in specified teacher behavior toward target children were accompanied by many additional changes in unspecified teacher behavior toward both target and nontarget…

Although the immediate effect of token reinforcement programs may be positive, the longer range consequences may result in an actual decrease in the behavior desired. (EH)

Criticisms of behavior modification, which charge that it violates ethical and legal principles, are discussed and reasons are presented to explain behavior modification's susceptibility to attack. (GW)

Article intends to help solve the dilemma regarding the advisability of using behavioral objectives. (Author/HB)

Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Occupational Therapy Association (48th, Portland, Oregon, October 20-26, 1968).

The notion of differentially reinforcing low rates of undesirable behavior (DRL) is examined. Further, the status of the full session DRL strategy as alternative to punishment is questioned in context of a strictly operant definition of punishment. A reexamination of the data from some studies reveals the possibility that Ss respond to said DRL…