A review of the literature on the function of pictures in prose learning indicates that visual illustrations are helpful to children's learning, but that visual imagery has inconsistent effects on prose learning, although it seems to have potential for assisting those with adequate word recognition but low comprehension. A conceptual framework has…

This report is the first in a two-part series introducing an interactive activation model of context effects in perception. A model for the perception of letters in words and other contexts is described and applied to a number of experiments. It is proposed that the model accounts for (1) the perceptual advantage for letters in words compared to…

A study was conducted to examine the reading levels of United States Air Force civilian employees according to occupational groupings and grade structure. Approximately 1,050 Air Force civilian subjects were tested on the Nelson-Denny Reading Test or the California Reading Test. Subjects were selected from eight Air Force bases representing the…

A study was conducted to determine whether reading specialists' diagnoses lead directly to remedial recommendations. Eight experienced reading specialists were observed during 24 sessions as they performed a series of tasks using three simulated cases of reading difficulty, two of which were thinly disguised versions of the same reading problem.…

Eye movement data were collected for 28 college students reading 32 sentences with sentence verification questions. The factors observed were target sentence voice (active/passive), probe voice, and correct response (true/false). Pairs of subjects received the same set of stimuli, but with agents and objects in the sentences reversed. As expected,…

In the past 30 or 40 years there has been much discussion about what factors contribute to readability in texts. In an attempt to characterize factors not measurable by current objective readability formulas, four texts that were adapted for younger readers were compared with their originals to see what kinds of changes adaptors had made and to…

One of the major assumptions of recent reading research has been that what the reader sees in the text plays as heavily in deteriming comprehension as does what the author says in the text. Although most researchers have tended to infer the reader's contributions by noting the differences between text structure and recall structures, there have…

A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE READING PROCESS, BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND LINGUISTIC, AND THE STUDIES DEVELOPING FROM THE ANALYSIS FORMED THE BASIS FOR THIS RESEARCH PROGRAM ON READING. A RESEARCH GROUP WAS ORGANIZED AS A LOOSE FEDERATION WITH EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS PURSUING HIS OWN IDEAS AND TAKING RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEM. THE COMPLETED…

THE LABELING AND DISCRIMINATION OF COLORS WERE STUDIED IN CHILDREN WITH PRIMARY READING RETARDATION AND IN A MATCHED GROUP OF NORMAL CHILDREN. TEN MALE STUDENTS IN MICHIGAN REPRESENTING AN AGE RANGE OF 9 YEARS 10 MONTHS TO 14 YEARS 10 MONTHS WERE CHOSEN AS SUBJECTS. DEVELOPMENTAL, MEDICAL, EDUCATIONAL, NEUROLOGICAL, PSYCHIATRIC, AND PSYCHOMETRIC…

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN READING ABILITY AND SYNTACTICAL MEDIATION IN PAIRED-ASSOCIATE (PA) LEARNING WAS EXAMINED. SUBJECTS WERE 64 FOURTH AND SECOND GRADERS IN WISCONSIN WHO WERE GROUPED ACCORDING TO GRADE LEVEL, TWO READING LEVELS, TWO TYPES OF INSTRUCTION, AND SEX. THE INSTRUCTIONAL TYPES WERE MEDIATION AND NONMEDIATION. THE STIMULI WERE 16…

A LISTING OF DISSERTATIONS COMPLETED IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES SINCE 1960 IN THE AREAS OF PRESCHOOL, ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY, COLLEGE, AND ADULT READING IS REPORTED. RELEVANT ISSUES OF "DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS" WERE REVIEWED, AND DISSERTATIONS ON READING WERE NOTED. A COMPREHENSIVE, ANALYTICAL ABSTRACT WAS PREPARED BY PROFESSIONALS IN…

METHODS, PROCEDURES, AND TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHING READING, ESPECIALLY TO LOW- AND NON-ACHIEVERS, WHICH DIFFER FROM TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM PRACTICES ARE DESCRIBED AND EVALUATED IN TERMS OF RECENT RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF READING. THESE METHODS ARE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE FIELD OF OPTOMETRY AND ARE CONCERNED WITH PROBLEMS OF LATERAL DOMINANCE.…

THIS STUDY TESTED THE ARRANGEMENT OF AN INTERRELATED PROGRAM OF PROCEDURES THAT CAN MUTUALLY GENERATE AND NURTURE THE LEARNING PROCESS FOR BEGINNING READING. CLOSE, SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS OF PEOPLE OF VARYING AGES WERE MADE. THE MATERIALS HAD BEEN DESIGNED, FIELD TESTED, AND REFINED BY A LANGUAGE RESEARCH GROUP AT THE HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF…

NEW MATERIALS, METHODS, AND RESEARCHERS WERE ASSEMBLED TO PROVIDE A RESEARCH-BASED MODEL FOR A NEW CURRICULUM IN THE TEACHING OF READING. PROCEDURAL METHODS, THE INTERRELATED FUNCTIONS, AND BASES OF READING-LEARNING WERE DISCUSSED IN A SERIES OF FOUR RESEARCH PLANNING CONFERENCES. ANALYSES AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF ALL THE STUDIES INITIATED HAVE NOT…

A study of the growth of seventh grade students' writing ability after targeted discussions of children's literature was based on the assumption that active comprehension of a distinctive model of literature would provide an awareness of the structure of narrative prose that would transfer to the student's own writing. Eight students participated…