Browne's definitive but complex formulas for the cross-validational accuracy of an OSL-estimated regression equation in the random-effects sampling model are here reworked to achieve greater perspicuity and extended to include the fixed-effects sampling model. (Author)

Points out the problems in designing and evaluating research on writing courses. (JL)

Professional evaluators are often called upon to analyze data produced by a catastrophically inadequate evaluation design. A remedial strategy involving diagnosis of error, application of a corrective procedure and sensitization of program personnel of the need for a more sophisticated stance, is proposed and illustrated with a case study.…

Develops a way to conceptualize the complementarity of quantitative and qualitative research in science education, demonstrating through analysis of examples that qualitative and quantitative research reports follow the same pattern of argument, although the metaphysical roots behind their methodologies are obviously different. (Author/SK)

Manipulated two aspects of the general empathy training situation in an attempt to produce higher levels of "empathic responding" following a brief training program. Results showed the experimental manipulations increased more empathic responses in the group asked to display competence than in the group asked to learn "empathic responding."…

The influence of maternal stimulation on infant exploratory behavior was examined in both a cross-sectional/ correlational study and an experimental study, in order to overcome the limitations on making causal claims that attend most research into maternal influence on infant development. (Author/DB)

Suggests that the principal conclusions in the earlier report regarding the relative effects and sex restrictiveness of norm-scored instruments and raw-scored instruments are not warranted by the study design. Alternative approaches and additional research are presented. (Author)

Schools are social systems, not factories. Trying to develop a model of education accommodating this fact led John Goodlad to undertake a seven-year national study that he believes will give impetus to humanistic approaches to research while generating hypotheses that can be tested using traditionally objective research methods. (Author/PGD)

The effect size was calculated for 104 dependent variables studied in 23 experimental or quasi-experimental evaluations of patient education programs. The mean effect size for all 23 studies indicated that the average taught patient moved from the 50th to the 77th percentile, relative to the control group. (GDC)

Discusses the purposes and benefits of data synthesis, explaining the major techniques of extracting information from related studies and using it to explain conflicting outcomes. Stresses the importance of the analyst's attention to detailed features of each study and describes the steps of a systematic approach to synthesis. (SK)

Hereditability of the two second order intelligence factors gc and gf was studied using the MAVA design in 470 brothers reared together, 94 identical twins reared together, 124 fraternal twins reared together, and 1543 boys (fluid intelligence) and 2579 (crystallized intelligence) unrelated. All were in the 12-18 age range. (Author)

The choice between experimental research or process-oriented oriented research as the only valid paradigm of evaluation research is rejected. It is argued that there is a middle ground. Suggestions are made for mixing the two approaches to suit particular research settings. (Author/GK)

Three difficulties have characterized educational research and development in the United States during much of this century: (1) unrealistic demands on the educational system; (2) inappropriate methodologies; and (3) selection of insignificant topics. (MM)

The computer program WEIGAN makes the weighted G analysis available for computer users. The input and output of the program are described. (Author/JKS)