This study tested a model (developed by A. Lewis and R. Mayer) that simulates the comprehension processes used when solving compare problems. The basis of the "consistency hypothesis" model is that young students and even adults are more likely to make comprehension errors when the order of the terms in the relational statement of the…

This 37-item annotated bibliography is a review of literature in the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) database from 1976-1989 related to vocabulary instruction in secondary education. The majority of citations in the bibliography provide articles with specific strategies for teaching vocabulary in content classrooms. The remainder…

This study examined the impact of Chapter 1 Developing Language Arts Competencies through Literature (DLACL) program in Houston, Texas, in the academic achievement of students served during the 1988-89 school year. A total of 8,505 students in grades 1-5 were served by the program. The investigation was designed to provide answers to the following…

A study examined whether children learn phonic decoding skills by reading without direct phonic instruction; compared the effects of a whole language first grade reading program with the effects of a traditional basal reading program; and determined whether there was a difference in decoding and comprehending abilities across levels of ability.…

Even though reading is a complex process, cognitive psychologists generally agree that reading is an active thinking process. Four aspects of the interactive view of reading can help define this process: (1) readers use both what they know and information from the text to construct meaning; (2) readers elaborate what and how they read; (3) readers…

Intended to serve as a resource for the many and varied groups concerned with improving students' reading proficiencies, this report from the Nation's Report Card provides a long-term perspective on students' reading skills and strategies based on a series of five national assessments conducted from 1971 to 1988. Each chapter of the report…

A pervasive finding from research on teaching and classroom learning is that a low rate of error on classroom tasks is associated with large year to year gains in achievement, particularly for reading in the primary grades. The finding of a negative relationship between error rate, especially rate of oral reading errors, and gains in reading…

In a review of research on computer assisted instruction (CAI) related to reading, evidence collected provides tentative conclusions about CAI effectiveness. CAI was effective as an instructional medium in the surveyed studies. In a number of instances, CAI groups achieved higher scores than the control groups. Some studies indicated that CAI…

A study compared the word recognition errors of learning disabled readers using reading instructional level materials (word recognition rates between 3% and 9% and frustration level materials (word recognition rates greater than 9%). Subjects, eight learning disabled students chosen randomly from second, fifth, eighth, and eleventh grade levels,…

A study investigated the reading comprehension and educationally related characteristics of the United States Navy's recruit population based on data for selected variables. The variable of primary interest was the recruit's grade level score on reading comprehension; other variable employed in the study were grade level score, years of education,…

A study examined the utility of latent partition analysis for describing the structure of emotional responses in reading. Subjects in the first experiment, 40 undergraduate university students, read a 2,100-word story and then immediately reported any scenes or events that evoked an emotional response and any mental images they recalled from…

A study compared the reading placement levels of Chapter 1 students as indicated by dynamic and static assessment models to determine whether these students could benefit from basal instruction at a higher level of difficulty than would normally be indicated by static assessment. Subjects, 21 third grade Chapter 1 students, received treatment…

A longitudinal study determined if children's invented spelling served as a viable predictor of reading achievement and compared the predictive value of assessing children's invented spelling relative to other notable predictors, such as letter names, letter sounds, a concept of a word, and phonemic awareness. Subjects, 52 kindergarten children…

A study replicating a previous experiment and study, Bean, Bishop and Leuer (1982), examined the usefulness of the Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile (TORP) in measuring change in teachers' theoretical orientation to the reading process as a result of inservice education. Subjects, 12 elementary school teachers who attended a nine day…

Structure mapping theory is a way of characterizing analogies and certain classes of metaphors. The central claim of this paper is that all analogies and many metaphors are fundamentally devices for mapping relational structures from one domain to another. This theory differs from other theories in postulating that the interpretation rules for…