This paper discusses the implications of research regarding the general components of reading and their effects on content reading in grades 7 through 12. Sections deal with such comprehension components as vocabulary, sentence and paragraph structure, reading rate, and purpose setting, as well as comprehension needs in the content areas.…

A total of 94 ninth and tenth grade students participated in a study to determine which of the following six reading expectancy formulas predict actual reading achievement of secondary school students of average intelligence: the Dechant formula, the Harris I formula, the Science Research Associates'"Tests of General Ability," the Harris II…

The assumption that "ideal" text grammars are valid descriptions of the schemata used by children to organize their recall of text was challenged in a study involving 150 elementary school children. The children, all with above-average reading ability, were classified as having one of three types of schemata: theme-initial (identifying…

This report summarizes research related to the use of a conventional basal reading program with students in the Kamehameha Early Education Program (KEEP). Results of instruction were measured by the number of objectives gained each quarter, the total number of objectives gained, the number of lessons taken for each objective, and scores on the…

The present study is a replication of a Lahey and Drabman study (1974) which investigated the effects of contingent versus noncontingent reinforcement on the learning of sight words. The subjects in this study were 14 Kamehameha Early Education Program (KEEP) students who composed the lowest reading group in a combined first-second grade…

Reading research is an important aspect of the Kamehameha Early Education Program. This report describes the overall strategy of the reading research program, which is based on a conceptual framework that divides lines of inquiry into motivation, linguistics, instructional procedures, and correlational analysis. Preliminary results for each of…

A method proposed by McCuaig and Hutchings to assess the internal readability variation of books using the Fry readability formula was empirically tested in an analysis of six elementary basal and ten secondary remedial readers. Each book was treated as a series of consecutive 100-word samples. Means and standard deviations were computed for both…

An investigation was made of the ways in which good readers (scoring at or above grade level on word attack and comprehension), difference-poor readers (scoring at or above grade level on word attack but below grade level on comprehension), and deficit-poor readers (scoring below grade level on word attack and comprehension) differ in their use of…

There is a need for basic readability research and for an easily applied and accurate new readability formula. Two steps taken toward the development of such a formula are the revision of a vocabulary list for primary grades and the combination of reading exercises given at different grade levels into a single scale of ascending difficulty. Much…

To establish the joint effects of the orienting factors of structure, learning objectives, and time on the recall of the content of a prose passage, an experiment involving 108 college students was conducted. The study combined two levels of structure (ideationally high and ideationally low) with three conditions of objectives (ideationally high,…

The responses of 108 children, aged five through nine, to the question, "What is reading?" were analyzed to determine whether there were age-related trends toward more mature and structurally more complex definitions of reading and whether a relationship existed between reading skill and the ability to formulate a definition of reading. The…

Two hypotheses were tested in three experiments concerned with the componential storage of meaning. The complexity hypothesis predicted that a verb with many subpredicates would lead to poor memory strength between the surrounding nouns. The connectivity hypothesis predicted that verbs with many subpredicates would lead to greater memory strength…

In a study that examined the conditions that were likely to facilitate error detection, it was hypothesized that poor readers' comprehension monitoring abilities would improve if they were given assistance in selecting the appropriate schema for understanding a passage. When the hypothesis was tested with 20 sixth grade students in an error…

This report reviews traditional research on studying and supplements it with theory and research from other areas of education and psychology to obtain a clearer picture of the way people study. The state variable of the student's knowledge of the criterion task and the processing variables of encoding and of focusing attention are explored. Some…

This report first demonstrates that the concept of accessibility is central to many theories of psychology from quite disparate domains and notes that a distinction of multiple and reflective access also seems to be part of many theories. It then suggests that no theory of intelligence can be complete unless provision is made for the operation of…