Evaluates the hypothesis that dyslexic children have a specific deficit in phonological reading processes. Describes a quantitative meta-analysis with the same hypothesis that provides evidence for differences between dyslexics and normal readers on nonword reading tasks. Considers the weaknesses of studies finding no deficits. (HB)

Investigates the extent to which readers make inferences and integrations during reading. Finds that slow readers and readers with "careful-reading" instructions appear to infer script-arguments and integrate arguments to a high degree. Finds that fast readers and readers with "fluent-reading" instructions do not infer script-information and show…

Investigates differences in questions developed and asked by preservice teachers during literature set discussions. Finds that preservice teachers' questioning practices can be influenced by training and practice. Concludes that classroom reading instruction and students' reading achievement may be enhanced through teacher questioning practices.…

Evaluates the hypothesis that dyslexic children have a specific deficit in phonological reading processes to elucidate the characteristics of developmental dyslexics' reading skills. Finds no evidence for distinct subtypes of dyslexia, although recent conceptualizations of reading development provide a better framework in which to investigate…

Discusses research on the use of graphic organizers to facilitate reading comprehension. Suggests that the research is inconclusive in determining the type of organizer to be used, when organizers should be introduced, and the type of students that benefit most from organizers. Discusses directions for future investigations. (PRA)

Studies the interrelationships, correlations, and predictive powers of five different accepted reading assessment techniques commonly used to provide data to place students in ability groups. Finds that the combination of the cloze test, basal placement test, and standardized test proved to be the most effective in approximating the teacher's…

Examines fifth grade students' metacognitive response to ambiguous literacy tasks and explores the relationship between that response and academic achievement. Finds that a relationship exists between the depth and functionality dimensions: the greater the depth of metacognitive plans, the more likely they are to lead to academic success. (MG)

Discusses three aspects of reading (inferring, reasoning analogically, and learning). Demonstrates in sample texts their role in building consensual meaning in persuasive business communications. Proposes four guidelines to supplement guidelines already developed. (SR)

Finds that hypermedia computer study guides were as effective as teacher-presented lectures, especially at the high school level with remedial students and students with learning disabilities. Corroborates the effectiveness of hypermedia study materials with poor readers at the elementary school level. (SR)

Examines (from a Piagetian perspective) two preschoolers' understandings about letter associations during repeated alphabet book read alouds with their parents. Shows that neither child associated representative letters with the beginning sounds of names or other appropriate words. Postulates a psychogenetic theory of alphabet book reading. Offers…

Studies whether global, causal inferences are made during comprehension. Provides verbal protocol data in the form of talking aloud during reading. Discusses the data with reference to processing claims and working-memory models. Considers what verbal protocols reveal about processing. (HB)

Gathers information about children's reading habits against the background of the Standard Achievement Tests (SATs). Questions three children in each of four schools in England on their reading habits. Notes that few of the children associated reading with pleasure. Suggests that schools can never rival the potential of the home for encouraging…

Investigates whether the vocabulary of written comprehension questions is an independent factor in determining students' reading comprehension performance. Finds that academic vocabulary in comprehension questions significantly decreased question-answering performance. Computes simple, multiple, and semipartial correlations between vocabulary…

Notes that experimental subjects were trained to segment and spell phonetically regular words, whereas controls were trained to read letters, words, and text. Finds that trained subjects made significant gains and were better than controls at posttest in measures of reading nonsense words, real words, and oral passages, but not of silent reading…

Discusses the roles of Piagetian and Vygotskyan theories. Reviews longitudinal naturalistic and experimental research on symbolic play's role in literacy development. Finds a limited role of adults in symbolic play and oral language production and that children's use of language to talk about language while interacting with peers is important in…