Generalized expectancies for problem solving referred to by Rotter appear to have significant relevance to the field of psychotherapy, particularly four specific expectancies of interest: (1) looking for alternatives; (2) understanding the motives of others; (3) long-term planning; and (4) discriminating differences in psychological situations. A…

SINCE THERE ARE SOME WIDELY PREVALENT MISCONCEPTIONS OF CLIENT-CENTERED COUNSELING, ATTENTION IS CALLED TO WHAT CLIENT-CENTERED COUNSELING IS NOT. CONDITIONS WHICH THE CLIENT-CENTERED VIEW HOLDS ARE NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ARE EMPATHIC UNDERSTANDING, UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD, AND SELF-CONGRUENCE. THESE ARE COMMON…

THIS REPORT ON UNESCO'S SECOND PILOT PROJECT OF COLLECTIVE VIEWING OF TELEVISION PROGRAMS IN RURAL DISTRICTS DESCRIBES AND ANALYZES THE ORGANIZATION OF TELECLUBS AND THE IMPACT OF THE 13-PROGRAM SERIES, "FARMING VILLAGE IN PROGRESS", VIEWED 30 MINUTES A WEEK FROM JUNE-MARCH, 1957, BY TELECLUB MEMBERS IN 64 TEST VILLAGES IN 26 JAPANESE PREFECTURES.…

This experiment was designed to (1) test the effectiveness of proximal goals in promoting performance, developing self-efficacy, and fostering interest in activities, and (2) investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and interest. The focus of the study was children's mastery of arithmetic operations in which they had displayed low…

The acquisition of new teaching behaviors requires a personal commitment based on freely choosing to attend to, practice, and finally integrate newly acquired behaviors into an already established teaching philosophy. Significant attitude or behavior change can be accomplished through a five step development process that focuses on awareness,…

Emotionally disturbed (ED) children (6- to 12-years-old) attending a Re-Ed school were compared with children whose principals identified them as requiring help for behavioral and emotional problems to determine the effectiveness of Re-Ed schools. The Re-Ed school provided short term residential care to approximately 40 ED children. The program…

It is generally assumed that it is difficult to induce behavioral and/or attitudinal change in older adults, especially if the target behaviors or attitudes represent important, central, or well-established patterns. An experimental study with 80 actively functioning women aged 65-74 was designed to test these assumptions with respect to food…

The relative efficacy of systematic desensitization and assertive skill training in increasing assertive responses, reducing anxiety related to being assertive, and increasing response satisfaction, was compared to two control conditions--a placebo-control (discussion) and an assessment-control. Also investigated was the effect of the subjects'…

A mini-course was devised to aid physical education majors in modifying personal problem behaviors that could directly or indirectly have an impact on their teacher behavior. Relevant readings on the topics of behavior control and self-modification were provided. The subjects designed self-modification projects that involved the self-application…

Guidelines for establishing behavior modification programs for smokers are discussed. The phases for dealing with this problem behavior are presented as: (1) identification of the specific behavior; (2) recognition of learned behavior and cues that stimulate the behavior; (3) establishment of positive reinforcement to strengthen new behavior,…

Although the problem of aggression generates considerable social concern, aggressive delinquents are rarely provided with more than minimal treatment following legal processing and incarceration. When treatment is available, it usually consists of some form of ineffective or even counterproductive punishment administered in the context of a token…

This Research Action Brief describes five studies designed to test techniques for decreasing disruptive student conduct in the secondary school classroom. The two behavior modification studies discussed showed strong positive results. Questions remain, however, concerning the permanence of behavior changes that are dependent on reward systems and…

THE AIM OF THE PRODUCT RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR ADOLESCENT BOYS IS TO MAKE SCHOOL ATTRACTIVE TO STUDENTS CLOSE TO TERMINATING THEIR EDUCATION. BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT CERTAIN STRATEGIES OF EGO FUNCTIONING OR COGNITIVE STYLE UNDERLY COMPETENT CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR, THE PROGRAM FOCUSES ON THE SPECIFIC CUES THAT WILL LEAD TO SUCH BEHAVIOR, ESPECIALLY…

A token reinforcement program was used by the Piney Woods Research and Demonstration Center in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Children who were from economically deprived homes received tokens for positive behavior. The tokens were redeemable for recess privileges, ice cream, candy, and other such reinforcers. All tokens were spent on the day earned so…

This annotated bibliography consists of 136 entries pertaining to the counseling of women. Each annotation is preceded by a list of key words that provide clues as to the content of each article. (Author)