An historical, philosophical, and methodological overview of the Dartmouth/Rassias model of foreign language instruction is presented. The model, first developed by John Rassias at Dartmouth College, is an intensive adaptation of the traditional audiolingual approach. Great use is made of dramatic techniques to motivate students and help them…

Time sampled observations of the cooperative behavior of two samples of 31 preschool children were analyzed for stability (that is, short term reliability of behavior) over a 2-month period using Cronbach's generalizability coefficient. Observations were made during free play periods on nursery school settings. The observation schedule required…

The paper discusses research and research applications regarding the exceptional child and the physical environment, and presents ways in which space can have an impact on learning and development. An argument is made for the creation of research based design principles based on knowledge of the relations between the physical environment and the…

Work and play are parts of the same whole and the detachment of the notion of effort from the idea of play has had confusing and dangerous consequences--dangerous, because the opportunities for children to engage in vital, self-selected play have been diminished in our society. This has been done partly through deliberate, conscious choice on the…

This paper draws together briefly theories and knowledge from research in morphology and cognitive psychology, as well as some hypothetical information from traditional psychiatry, to show the ramifications of play in children's development. Play is defined as any of a wide variety of behaviors through which an individual attempts to discover what…

A structured, student-centered approach to teaching hyperactive, emotionally disturbed children involves a contingency between instructional activities and play-time that is gradually faded out. During the instructional phase, behavior modification techniques are applied to shift students' behavior from external to internal control. Therapeutic…

Knowledge about guns and the relation between play with guns and aggressivity was assessed in a group of 5-9 year old children. Each child was questioned about his gun play and his understanding of guns after he was shown a display of two toy and two real guns. This data was then correlated with a teacher rating of aggression for each child.…

The work of a contemporary landscape architect is a living realization of the possibilities for increasing children's learning by improving play environment. The designer's philosophy and photographs of six playgrounds are contained in this bulletin, directed wherever there is need to make parks and school playgrounds open, aesthetic, and…

This illustrated booklet contains some ideas for making young children's toys and games which are simple and fun to make. The activities encourage the child to learn and practice specific skills such as counting, verbal expression, coordinating hand and eye movements, and help children learn to recognize colors, shapes, and sizes of objects. The…

Written for parents by the mother of two mentally retarded children, the booklet explains what it means to be mentally retarded and emphasizes the importance of play to aid speech development and walking. Parents are advised to set realistic goals and to encourage the child in learning social skills. Mental retardation is described in relation to…

The authors discuss their replications of 2 prominent studies in the area of modeling aggressive behavior; those of Lovaas and Bandura. In the first, they predicted that, given the same socio-economic background, there would be no differences between black and white children in the amount of aggressive play subsequent to viewing an aggressive…

A measurement technique employing photographs and comparative judgment scaling is evaluated for internal consistency and behavioral validity, with positive results. Using the validated technique, the hypothesis is tested that adult designers are insensitive to children's preferences, and the hypothesis is found to be true. The measurements thus…

This study investigated the effect of play-like behavior on the learning of elementary arithmetic. Kindergarten children from one school were pretested on addition and subtraction of the numbers zero through five; and eight groups of five subjects were randomly selected from those scoring below the mean. These groups were then randomly assigned to…

Individual short stories are to encourage role playing are presented.

Preparational and situational cues are explained in terms of childrens dramatic responses to compassionate love. (JH)