What is meant by saying that reality is socially constructed or that writing is a social process must be thought about carefully. Advocates of a social constructivist view of writing have been able to challenge dominant cognitivist and expressionist paradigms surprisingly quickly. However, such a swift victory needs to be examined. When tested in…

A study examined the situation-specific program development strategies used in 47 different settings in the southwestern United States from January 1987 to January 1988. Specialized and elite interviews were administered to program developers to identify the approaches that are being used and to determine how they relate to the approaches…

This project proposed to design and develop interactive videodiscs for teaching learning theory to teacher education students. The thesis was that simulations provided via interactive video could help prospective teachers both "see" the use of learning theory and more readily transfer theory into practice in the classroom. The intended…

Arguing that many new ideas, techniques, and products fail to be adopted because they are not properly linked to the needs of knowledge users, this chapter presents an approach to the problem of linking the knowledge user with the knowledge producer that is designed to provide linkage agents with a frame of reference and tools for disciplined…

The use of peer group critiquing in the writing classroom is based on the position that when the teacher is no longer viewed as the sole authority, learning becomes a collaborative endeavor. Yet peer groups are often marked more by inhibition and constraint than by collaboration, with students resisting both giving and receiving critiques. The…

This 81-item annotated bibliography offers a survey of materials available on listening in educational, business, and relationship contexts. The bibliography includes books, journal articles, textbooks and instructional materials, and assessment instruments dating from 1971 to 1989. Not included in the bibliography are texts in speech…

Due to the need for nurses to use nursing theories in nursing practice, a theory based nursing process for wellness promotion was applied to an individual in a study. The objectives of the study were to: describe the Roy Adaptation Model for the nursing process; utilize the model for organizing and analyzing assessment data; collect psychosocial,…

A persistent problem for instructional designers has been deciding exactly what to do. To be of value in the development process, an instructional design needs to be developed with consideration of the kinds of objectives to be achieved, the specific activities used to teach the objectives, and the order or sequence in which the learning…

The context of the emergence of action research is explored historically and comparatively. The primary focus is a description of the development of action research in the middle part of this century in the United States. Certain assumptions, intentions, and practices of educational action research as they emerged in the early stages of…

Effective instructional approaches for dealing with stage fright can be developed by examining A. H. Buss's theory of audience anxiety. Buss argues that audience anxiety correlates with feelings of self-consciousness, characteristics of the audience, and the novelty of the speaking role. From his perspective, the experience of anxiety is divided…

Intended for teachers, this monograph encourages readers to consider the notion that thinking critically is a matter of reading signs, that it is the function of signs that makes reflective thinking possible. The book contains the following chapters: (1) "Beyond a Literal Reading"; (2) "Current Thinking on Critical Thinking";…

In this paper, action research is examined as a quintessential example of the relocation of the study of teaching from laboratory to classroom. Selected problematics in its practice, including the aims of inquiry, the nature of collaboration, and the anticipated audience for its outcomes are defined as inevitable challenges to be confronted.…

This book contains 28 essays that form the core of an advanced course in the theoretical backgrounds of literacy. The book contains the following articles: "The Consequences of Literacy" (Jack Goody and Ian Watt); "Some Psychodynamics of Orality" (Walter Ong); "Implications of Literacy in Traditional China and India"…

The ultimate goal of instructional supervisors is to improve instruction by working with teachers and planning, organizing, and evaluating the curricula. A literature review indicates that in reality instructional supervisors are apt to spend most of their time on routine school maintenance functions. The inconsistency between job descriptions and…

This monograph discusses the relationship between theory and practice in teaching, suggesting that the two concepts are falsely and erroneously separated and exploring what an alternative conceptualization might look like in teaching. The first section considers the critical notion of teaching and includes discussion of the concepts of conception…