Describes schema theory, then explores the machine metaphor implicit in schema-theoretic accounts of reading. (FL)

Briefly discusses programs designed and developed by Junior Achievement, focusing on the Applied Economics program, in which economic theory instruction is combined with practical usage. (AEM)

Applies H. P. Grice's theory of conversation (the Cooperative Principle, and the Maxims of Quality, Quantity, Relation and Manner) to a method of teaching revision. Explains that viewing writing as a cooperative transaction improves students' sense of audience, purpose, and diction. Analyzes a student draft via this method. (JG)

Discusses several recent contributions to reading research and concludes that before changing teaching methods and programs, educators need to consider ends, decide what the ideal is, and develop criteria to achieve that ideal. (FL)

Outlines the fields that can contribute research results to a theoretical understanding of broad goals that can govern design choices in on-line documentation. Suggests five theoretical precepts and pulls together research pertinent to the four main forms of on-line documentation: tutorials, assistance, messages, and modes of control. (HTH)

Describes development and implementation of a theoretically organized, skill-based curriculum developed for practicing managers in public service in New York and delivered by 15 different postsecondary institutions. (Author/CH)

Argues for a rethinking of the act of writing as the creation of a work of art. Discusses the implications of how a change in view can affect the practice of teaching writing. (JC)

Several major attempts at reform that have occurred over the past half century are described, and lessons from the past are emphasized. It is urged that all reports be examined to determine what next steps are warranted based on history and the current knowledge base. (Author/MT)

Since school administrators have been primarily male, theoretical frameworks have been built around male behavior. As more women enter administration, this context must be reevaluated. This article considers organizational behavior, the world of women in schools, and how these issues inform theory and practice in school administration. (LHW)

The author argues that all teaching-learning events take place in a learning environment. The learning environment consists of five elements: (1) contextual factors, (2) characteristics of the learners, (3) teaching/learning theories, (4) characteristics of the facilitator, and (5) teaching methods. (Author/CH)

Notes that finding appropriate, statistically sound means of collecting data is important step in developing research. Presents goal attainment scaling and semantic differential as two flexible, reliable, and valid data-collection methodologies useful for practitioners. Provides procedural instructions and examples for constructing each…

Offers ideas on journal keeping that will help with the analysis of media messages. Points out that journals can help teachers gauge both their own teaching and their students' grasp of the material. (MS)

Argues that if textbooks of writing give the best theories available to teachers and teachers of writing, particularly those who see this role as subordinate to that of scholar and teacher within their area of study, the teachers must first be convinced to become philosophers of composition. (RAE)

Outlines research undertaken by Sarah W. Freedman (Center for the Study of Writing) and Alex McLeod (University of London) to discover the extent to which increased interest in writing instruction and reform have affected classroom practice in the United States and the United Kingdom. (JAD)

In response to a previous article, the paper characterizes learning disabilities as the consequence of a transaction between students exhibiting certain individual differences and the social system of the schools. Basic and applied research can be related in good instructional research which includes the context of disability. (DB)