A survey of the yearbooks published by the National Society for the Study of Education (NSSE) in the twentieth century indicates that philosophers of education changed the direction of their work. In the nineteenth century, educators turned to philosophers for answers to questions about the aim of education. As the twentieth century advanced,…

Commercial games may be adapted for classroom use. (JH)

Playcentres assist women with an established role (home) and with an emerging role (work) and help women find status in society. (Published by New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Education House, 178-182 Willis Street, Wellington, New Zealand.) (Author)

This report deals primarily with the design of an integrated free play environment for both able-bodied and disabled children. First, the different types of handicaps (and their debilitating effects) which affect children, and the different mobility aids which are used by these children are discussed. Then, a number of guidelines concerning…

Educational psychologists and researchers attest to the importance of play in learning, but studies indicate that children are playing less, and often less effectively, justifying the need for play within the school curriculum. The area of language arts is a natural place for imaginative play. One elementary school project incorporated playing,…

The following articles on ethnography and education are presented: (1) "A Retrospective Discussion of the State of the Art in Ethnography in Education," by P. Gilmore and D. M. Smith; (2) "Ethnography in Education: Defining the Essentials," by S. B. Heath; (3) "The Structure of Classroom Events and Their Consequences for Student Performance," by…

Two concurrent developments have led to widespread shifts in the directions of structured intramural programs in higher education. Several universities place an emphasis on student development through administrative leadership training and participation in the governing process of intramural athletic departments. Student duties may include…

Presented is a collection of case studies by therapists, educators, artists, parents, and recreation leaders, dealing with the arts as learning experiences for handicapped children. Each of the ten articles records the positive effects of arts experiences (dance, art, music, drama) on the growth and development of a particular handicapped child or…

Written for children ages three to five, this book contains several stories and poems about play and safety by four boys and girls of ages seven to fourteen. Illustrations accompany the children's work. The book is intended to be read together by adult and child. It includes a section to assist adults in instructing children about safe use of…

This module presents a guide for the study of the Navajo Indians' life and customs as they existed about thirty years ago. The length of time necessary to complete the activities, which are designed for use in kindergarten through third grades, may vary from one to two weeks. The module includes language, science, mathematics, art, music, dramatic…

This report, the fifteenth in a series of twenty completed by the Children's Environments Advisory Service for the International Year of the Child, 1979, presents a guide for planning play spaces on roof decks in high density family housing projects where on-grade land is too scarce or too expensive for development as communal recreation space.…

This paper presents (1) literature which indicates that blocks are considered boys' materials and are mainly used by boys, and (2) a description of a study designed to encourage girls' play with blocks. Sixteen 4-year-olds (eight boys and eight girls), were observed for 30 minutes by two observers during free play activities with blocks. In…

This paper presents a rationale for observing black mothers during semi-structured play activities with their toddlers. It appraises the strengths and weaknesses of such situational assessments of mother-infant dyads, arguing that in addition to observational data the collection of introspective interview data from mothers is essential. Interview…

The bibliography lists approximately 100 citations of documents discussing the ways in which toys are used with handicapped children. It is explained that the materials listed cover uses ranging from simple play and recreation to more remediation and therapy oriented approaches. Citations are organized alphabetically by author according to their…

Psychodrama is the acting out of difficult situations one has experienced. It gives the actors and spectators the chance to try out alternative solutions to problem situations. When these problems are acted out, the actors become better acquainted with themselves and their peers. This awareness becomes a dominant determinant of future behavior.…