Grouped gay and bisexual men into three categories to determine their levels of death fear and threat, and these factors' relation to religiosity. Uninfected men who worked with AIDS patients exhibited the lowest fear of a premature death. Religion served as a moderately effective coping strategy for premature death. (RJM)

Visual search has been studied extensively, yet little is known about how its constituent processes affect subsequent emotional evaluation of searched-for and searched-through items. In 3 experiments, the authors asked observers to locate a colored pattern or tinted face in an array of other patterns or faces. Shortly thereafter, either the target…

One of the most important reasons to investigate human metacognition is its role in directing how people study. However, limited evidence exists that metacognitively guided study benefits learning. Three experiments are presented that provide evidence for this link. In Experiment 1, participants' learning was enhanced when they were allowed to…

We introduce a multidimensional item response theory (IRT) model for binary data based on a proximity response mechanism. Under the model, a respondent at the mode of the item response function (IRF) endorses the item with probability one. The mode of the IRF is the ideal point, or in the multidimensional case, an ideal hyperplane. The model…

This study examined gender and race differences in children's interactions with infants. Subjects were 53 black and white children between 8 and 10 years of age. An experimenter of the same race as the children presented them with a 6-week to 12-month-old infant of the same race. Children were photographed with the infant; while playing the role…

Family resources are vital to older individuals. In order to establish base-line data on the availability and proximity of kin to persons aged 45 or older in a midwestern state, information was gathered for six months from the obituary section of the local newspaper. The sample includeed 1,413 individuals. Information included availabiltiy of kin,…

Gerontologists recognize that the family provides critical practical and affective support to the aged. While researchers have explored the burden experienced by children assisting elderly parents, much less attention has been given to the related issue of aged parents' reactions to receiving help from adult children. A study was conducted to…

As the American population continues to age, more and more adult children and their elderly parents are examining their beliefs about what constitutes appropriate filial behavior. This study was conducted to investigate filial responsibility expectations endorsed by a randomly selected sample of 144 elder parent-adult child pairs from the…

Based on research suggesting spatial zones of proximity in human behavior (individuals have definable zones of intimate, personal, social, and public space), it was hypothesized that "framed shots" of people on television screens would suggest specific distances to the viewer. The hypotheses were that subjects would estimate a greater…

This paper reports the results of a study that investigated factors constraining or encouraging the use of evaluation data by school administrators. It begins with a lengthy analogy about the use of a restaurant guide that is intended to illuminate how constraining or encouraging factors influence the use of evaluation data. The author defines a…

Study objectives were to: determine the range of retail goods provided by different size urban places in two predominantly different rural states (Illinois and Iowa); investigate the relationship of distance to larger urban places and the impact on retail offerings of small towns; estimate the effects of location (i.e., proximity) and town size on…

The generalization of cooperative behavior and proximity across classroom situations was tested with three behavior disordered children between the ages of 3.5 and 4.5 years who had low rates of cooperative behavior. (Author/DLS)

Illustrates the five elements of conceptual models by developing a model of consumer behavior in choosing among alternative supermarkets. The elements are: identifying the problem, constructing a conceptual model, translating it into a symbolic model, operationalizing the model, and testing. (Author/AV)

Issues related to the locations in which educational and related services are provided to severely handicapped students are addressed. It is argued that attending special education classes in chronological age appropriate regular schools close to home is in the best interest of students, their families, and the public. (Author/SEW)

Presents utilization profiles for 15 community services among 989 elderly residents of 18 small Kansas towns. Distance estimates to most services used were greater than estimates to nearest service, frequency of use was inversely correlated with distance to services, and most elderly walked or drove themselves to services. (Author/JAC)