A review of research on "incomplete text," which refers to a variety of adaptations of cloze procedures, illustrates how construct validity has been considered and will need to be considered in future research on the subject. Much of the early research on incomplete text focused on product--providing quantitative assessments of…

A study investigated the extent to which bottom-up and top-down conceptual frameworks of reading were held by primary grades teachers. In the first phase of the study, 66 teachers were given the Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile (TORP), which was designed to reflect belief systems of reading instruction organized around a continuum from…

A study was conducted with 12 college-aged inefficient readers in a reading improvement and study skills course. Students were divided into types by the instructor, and the type of student who would do best with one of three types of independent projects was considered as a major question of the study. The student types were (1) gregarious and…

A study was conducted to examine (1) the type of instruction most likely to help both normal and learning disabled readers use the analogy strategy in reading novel words, and (2) how fifth grade disabled readers compared with normal second and fifth grade readers. Analogy strategies, the most abstract of the reading strategies, are generally…

A study was devised for investigating developmental change in the extent to which children use a speech recoding process during silent reading to obtain meaning from sentences. The subjects, 48 second and 48 sixth grade students, were shown a series of single sentences that included equal numbers of sentences at the second, fourth, and sixth grade…

An adaptation of a miscue taxonomy developed by G. A. Cziko was used to compare the reading performance of (1) monolingual English and bilingual third grade students reading in English, (2) monolingual Spanish and bilingual third grade students reading in Spanish, and (3) bilingual third grade students reading in both English and Spanish. Eight…

A sample of 48 second grade and fifth grade children, containing equal numbers of high and low ability readers, participated in a study that explored the degree to which oral and silent reading represented the same cognitive process for different age and ability level children. Their reading rates and comprehension scores for both oral and silent…

The sentences in two first grade basal readers were categorized using Joan Tough's language function classification system to determine whether lower level basal readers allowed children to use their knowledge of language functions in reading. The range of language functions and language uses in the basals was compared to those that Tough found in…

This report reviews research and opinion concerning the teaching of reading with in-school television and describes a commercially televised reading program for sixth and seventh grade Duval County (Jacksonville, Florida) schoolchildren, who watched television at home, but who received correlated instruction in school classes. Pretest and posttest…

A review of the literature indicates that reading ability is related to measured mathematical achievement. This study attempts to develop a valid testing technique for assessing mathematical reading. As a corollary to this function, reading-difficulty rankings of expository mathematics materials measured by narrative readability formulas were…

Although reading is often viewed as a mysterious process, sufficient evidence is available to identify certain areas as promising for further research and others as unpromising. In applied research, the study of how reading programs are implemented in schools, including an examination of leadership roles, teacher attitudes, teacher training, and…

When two adults read eleven paragraphs, assigned a meaning to the target word in each paragrah, and answered questions about their strategies for dealing with the difficult/unknown words, they exhibited four strategies, outside of actual definition, that skilled readers use to deal with such words. The most often used strategy is paragraph…

Forty-two first, second, and third grade students participated in a 15-week study to determine the effects of audiovisual aids on reading achievement. The students were pretested and posttested using the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills. Each group received 40 minutes of small group and individual instruction each day. The experimental group…

This publication was developed to provide factual information and interpretive commentary on the National Assessment of Educational Progress in Reading, a federally funded survey of the educational attainments of representative samples of children and adults in the United States. It summarizes the context and results of the 1970-71 and 1974-75…

Data were collected in a teacher effectiveness study on the interaction of teachers and first grade students while the students participated in reading groups within intact classes. Eighteen teacher behavior variables drawn from the data were then related to student achievement using three units of analysis: class means, reading group means within…