Given significant changes to legislation, practice, research, and instrumentation, the purpose of this study was to examine the course on cognitive assessment in school psychology programs and to describe the (a) structure, (b) instructional strategies, (c) content, and (d) interpretative strategies taught to school psychology graduate students.…

Executive functions (EF), either conceptualized as skills involved in regulation of cognition and emotion in service of goal-oriented behavior, or reductively as working memory, flexibility and inhibitory control, are commonly invoked constructs in developmental science. Two main traditions on EFs measurement prevail, one consisting of ratings…

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that measures critical thinking skills of university students. Pamukkale Critical Thinking Skills Scale was developed as two separate forms; multiple choice and open-ended. The validity and reliability studies of the multiple-choice form were constructed on two different…

In cognitive diagnosis modeling, the attributes required for each item are specified in the Q-matrix. The traditional way of constructing a Q-matrix based on expert opinion is inherently subjective, consequently resulting in serious validity concerns. The current study proposes a new validation method under the deterministic inputs, noisy…

The global shortage of skilled programmers remains a persistent challenge. High dropout rates in introductory programming courses pose a significant obstacle to graduation. Previous studies highlighted learning difficulties in programming students, but their specific weaknesses remained unclear. This gap exists due to the predominant focus on the…

There is general consensus that the representation of the human face becomes functionally specialized within the first few months of an infant's life. The literature is divided, however, on the question whether the specialized representation of the remainder of the human body form follows a similarly rapid trajectory or emerges more slowly and in…

In order to achieve broadening participation in computer science and other careers related to computing, middle school classrooms should provide students opportunities (tasks) to think like a computer scientist. Researchers in computing education promote the idea that programming skill should not be a pre-requisite for students to display…

The demand for diagnostic feedback has triggered extensive research on cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs), such as the deterministic input, noisy output "and" gate (DINA) model. This study explored two Q-matrix specifications with the DINA model in a statewide large-scale mathematics assessment. The first Q-matrix was developed based on…

The present study aims to examine gender differential item functioning (DIF) in the reading comprehension section of a high stakes test using cognitive diagnosis models. Based on the multiple-group generalized deterministic, noisy "and" gate (MG G-DINA) model, the Wald test and likelihood ratio test are used to detect DIF. The flagged…

Bayesian knowledge tracing model (BKT) is a typical student knowledge assessment method. It is widely used in intelligent tutoring systems. In the standard BKT model, all knowledge and skills are independent of each other. However, in the process of student learning, they have a very close relation. A student may understand knowledge B better when…

Exploratory cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) estimate the Q matrix, which is a binary matrix that indicates the attributes needed for affirmative responses to each item. Estimation of Q is an important next step for improving classifications and broadening application of CDMs. Prior research primarily focused on an exploratory version of the…

Process-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sampled only by measures within a certain domain.…

Student modeling is useful in educational research and technology development due to a capability to estimate latent student attributes. Widely used approaches, such as the Additive Factors Model (AFM), have shown satisfactory results, but they can only handle binary outcomes, which may yield potential information loss. In this work, we propose a…

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are restricted latent class models that can be used to analyze response data from educational or psychological tests. The Deterministic Input Noisy Output "AND" gate (DINA) model and the Deterministic Input Noisy Output "OR" gate (DINO) model there are two popular cognitive diagnosis models…

With the advent of the Internet, social networking sites have spread, and their number has increased dramatically. The number of its users, especially school and university students, who use these sites for social communication and entertainment for obtaining information and exchanging experiences with their peers has increased. The study aimed to…