Subjects between the ages of 50 and 86 years were given portions of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Younger subjects performed significantly better than older subjects on 10 of the 18 neuropsychological measures used. (Author/BEF)

The profiles of 40 educable mentally retarded (EMR) children (aged 6 to 8.5 years) on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities were examined to determine areas of strengths and weaknesses. (Author)

Constructive activity and effects of clarifying context in encoding and retrieval were investigated in a study of memory for mathematical proofs. Results are offered as support of a reconstructive cycle in which context initiates reconstruction; which is redirected or extended by schemata; which is guided by the context. (Author/RD)

Descriptions of cognitive development are determined by the metamodel on which theories and data are based. The associative and information processing approaches have generated much of the research on adult learning and memory. A contextual approach, emphasizing perceiving, comprehending, and remembering, is emerging in the present historical…

An experiment is discussed that tested a 1975 hypothesis of Aiken, Thomas, and Shennum that a "spaced lecture" might help solve the problem of the negative of concurrently listening and writing. Results indicated that the "spaced lecture" was no better than the traditional lecture. (MLW)

High state-anxious subjects solved fewer problems than middle or low state-anxious subjects under no memory-aid conditions, and all anxiety groups performed comparably with memory aids. High state-anxious subjects tended to use less focusing strategy when memory aids were unavailable. (Author/CP)

Use of the oral history technique in clinical medicine supplies significant additional data that illuminate the psychological, social, and spiritual background of healthy or ailing aging patients. Describes some practical applications of oral history techniques in clinical medical practice and discusses their usefulness for gerontological…

Counselors were equally attentive to the vocational concerns of female and male clients, but asked significantly more questions related to social concerns of a female client. Male and female counselors recalled fewer concerns of the female client. Female counselors remembered more client information than male counselors. (Author)

A training procedure to teach the discrimination of implication from asserted fact was developed and tested with adults in on experiment, and was revised and tested with adults and seventh- and ninth-grade students in another experiment. A marginal developmental trend of better discrimination with increasing age was found. (Author/GK)

This article discusses recent studies which have shown that the peptide hormone vasopressin apparently can stimulate memory and learning in healthy human volunteers and in certain mentally disturbed patients. (ECO)

Tested the hypothesis that knowledge base development is an important condition for memory development, by using young children and college students in two experiments. (Author/DB)

This article describes readability assessment methods used in science education, summarizes reported readability estimates of science textbooks, and recommends strategies for reducing the readability load of such materials. (JMF)

Developmental dyslexics have difficulty accessing the meaning of written words via phonological recoding due to a short-term memory deficit, although they can access meaning by a direct visual route. Evidence that dyslexia is a genetically-based dysfunction of the interior parietal lobule is reviewed. Implications for remedial instruction are…

Reports on four experiments exploring the relationship between decision difficulty and subsequent retention. (Author/AM)

The extent to which an orienting activity exerts control over the encoding process was studied. Two experiments were reported in which associative meaningfulness was varied under conditions of semantic and nonsemantic processing. Both experiments showed effects of meaningfulness following both semantic and nonsemantic tasks. (Author/MH)