The memory deficits associated with the dementia syndromes of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Lewy body disease are outlined and related to the language impairments that have been observed in patients with these disorders. Assessment techniques are described, including commonly used individual tests and test batteries that assess memory and…

Reviews research on external memory strategies, provides a rationale for using neural network models, and discusses their application to intellectual and developmental differences in the external memory strategies of typical and atypical children, including those with mental retardation. Examines mechanisms of intellectual differences and…

Places the development of the debate over false or recovered memories in its social and historical context. Identifies some of the ethical and legal implications of this area of work for therapists by using the Drama Triangle. Outlines ethical dilemmas for therapists and some of the implications for therapeutic practice. (RJM)

Rated first through fifth graders' political knowledge and recall of a simulated news story. Used path analysis to determine relationships among grade level, political knowledge, recall of specific story information, and generation of inferences from the story. Results suggested that children's domain-specific knowledge is more influential in…

A group of 51 young and 52 older adults read science articles and predicted their future test performance. Predictions were compared to comprehension and memory tests. Both groups made similar predictions, but those of older adults were related to their assessment of ease of processing, those of younger adults to their assessment of comprehension,…

Describes a two-year study of 76 prereading children, examining relationships between phonological awareness, verbal working memory, and the development of reading and spelling. Indicates that phonological awareness predicted later reading and spelling even when simple and backwards repetition were controlled. Suggests that verbal working memory…

Explores the challenge presented by the exercise of memory, through oral history, as an historical method. Notes the use of historical data generated by memory projects. Concludes that memory recollection, as a historical medium, can be a resource for bearing witness to history's power to shape lives as individuals experience it. (KDR)

Compared speaking rates, digit span, and speech timing in profoundly deaf 8- and 9-year-olds with cochlear implants and normal-hearing children. Found that deaf children displayed longer sentence durations and pauses during recall and shorter digit spans than normal-hearing children. Articulation rates strongly correlated with immediate memory…

Two studies examined progression in children's and adults' ability to monitor attempts to recall event details and the dependence of metamemory on question format. Only with an unbiased question format did subjects give higher confidence ratings after correct than after incorrect answers. When interviews contained misleading questions, children…

Story events were presented in Greek or English to 32 Greek-English bilingual children in grades 2 and 4. Children's recall 1-2 days later was organized more by story event (party versus breakfast) than by language. Cognitive processes that comprise bilingual memory, including encoding, storage, and retrieval strategies, are examined within the…

Discusses the need for new models and understanding of how we learn and develop independence to successfully prepare our youth for the 21st century. Topics include a new model of learning based on current understandings about the brain, human intelligence, and memory; and a transnational program called the 21st Century Learning Initiative.…

Examined the relationship between mothers' reports of their early attachment experiences and the quality of their current relationships with their youngest child, partner, mother, and father. Evaluated the argument that early attachment experiences provide mental models for all future relationships. Found that memories of early attachment…

Examined the effect of attention on infants' responses to briefly exposed visual stimuli. Found that the duration of stimulus exposure in the familiarization phase was positively correlated with the preference for the novel stimulus in the paired-comparison procedure, and processing of briefly presented visual stimuli differed depending on the…

Asked children and adults to recall events from "Sesame Street." Found that subjects' memory was influenced by causal factors (number of causal relations to other events, place in the story's causal chain) and this influence increased with age; children recalled actions, whereas adults recalled protagonists' goals; and children's recall…

Reviews literature on development of children's and adults' long-term retention. Finds that forgetting is dominated by storage (not retrieval) failures; trace recovery is dominated by retrieval (not storage) operations; and storage failure rates decline with age in childhood, whereas only modest developments occur in retrieval recovery operations.…