Two investigations provide evidence that nonverbal cues (hand gestures) play a role as contextual cues in the retrieval of verbal messages in conversations. (PD)

Suggests that since great deal of memorizing takes place in libraries, librarians are in good position to study question of which strategies are most effective in processing which media, and perhaps, to contribute to what little is known about effectiveness of individual memory strategies during the transfer process. (34 references) (EJS)

Reports on two experiments that investigated sex differences in the use of organization strategies in free recall with categorizable and unrelated word lists across age in elementary school. Shows sex differences were pronounced across the ages tested and consistent with principles of strategy development, with males showing a developmental lag in…

Compares typicality effects in recall between good and poor junior high readers to determine the influence of knowledge base upon memory. Results suggest that poor readers have a different knowledge base for familiar categories than good readers and that cognitive differences between them are related to differences in their semantic memories.…

Second-grade children were explicitly supplied with zero, one, two, or three components of information to specify the respective contributions of various sources and amounts of acquired strategy-utility information. Metacognitive knowledge was evidenced only when the training regiment included the complete set of critical metacognitive components.…

Examined the effect of lateral preference on passage comprehension and short-term memory function for 48 normal fourth-grade males. Lateralized readers recalled more information under auditory than written conditions; bilateral readers showed no preference. Between-group comparisons showed bilateral readers to comprehend significantly more than…

Suggests two types of memory representations based on differences found in content and structure between kindergartners' general event representations of museum trips and their specific memories of a class trip to an archaeology museum. Suggests that the study of real world memory is a critical area for developmental research. (CB)

A stages-of-learning model was used to examine effects of picture-word manipulation on storage and retrieval differences between disabled and nondisabled grade 2 and 6 children. Results showed that disabled students are poorer at memory tasks and in developing the ability to reliably retrieve information than nondisabled children. (Author/RH)

A test of the effect of bilingualism on cognitive performance involved 45 seven and eight-year-olds with mild mental retardation (low language proficiency, high language proficency, and monolingual English groups). Analysis of three Piagetian tasks and an information processing task indicated that high proficient bilingual Ss' performance was…

Six experiments investigated loss of availability of surface form in sentence comprehension. Explanations for the loss included: (1) linguistic hypothesis; (2) memory limitations hypothesis; (3) integration hypothesis; and (4) processing shift hypothesis. (LMO)

Data and models about recognition and recall of words and nonwords are unified using a real-time network processing theory. Adaptive resonance theory arose from an analysis of how a language system self-organizes in real time in response to its complex input environment. (Author/LMO)

This article presents a new method of inferring students' cognitive structures and their development. A modification of Reitman and Rueter's "ordered tree technique," the method generates a structure that displays important relationships assumed to be in a student's memory about concepts taken from a specific field of study. (Author/LMO)

The effects of two types of interspersed mathemagenic postquestions (superordinate and subordinate) on cognitive capacity engagement during reading and subsequent performance on a recall posttest were investigated using the secondary task paradigm. (Author/LMO)

Assesses third-grade children's comprehension of traditional and nontraditional female sex-role portrayals in television programs. For both programs, children demonstrated accurate memory for role-relevant information, but children with higher levels of sex-role stereotyping remembered less role-relevant information than did children with lower…

Tests the theoretical proposition that developmental increase in memory span results from a corresponding increase in the use of grouping strategies. (BJD)