Three experiments examined whether the phenomena of visual search for single characters (Sternberg, 1966) generalizes to word and word-category search when target and distractor sets had varied and consistent mappings across trials. Previous results were replicated. Four principles of search are discussed within a theory of automatic/control…

The effects of rate repetition, self-generated visualization, and supplied visuals on the memorization of concrete noun-word pairs were investigated using 27 gifted children in grades four to six. The hypothesis that self-generated imagery techniques would be superior to supplied visuals was not supported. (Author/PN)

For the case of one independent group of subjects, illustrative analyses are presented for each of Shine's group actualized, group pure, and generalized pure multi-subject behavior functions. Each of the three analyses is done on the same set of data concerning eight subjects. (Author/PN)

Concludes that the general theory of text processing proposed by Kintsch and van Dijk is able to account for the memory of radio news bulletins in a number of respects. (FL)

Experiments demonstrating that perceptual identification and recognition memory both rely on memory for single prior processing episodes, contrary to common assumption, are reported. The balance between data-driven and conceptually-driven processing in reading is explored, and the effects of changing the subject's reliance on one or the other…

The relationship between nonverbal intelligence and English language ability was examined in 25 deaf children between the ages of 6 and 10. Subtests which require visual memory consistently entered the multiple regression equations as the best predictors of language performance. (Author)

In two experiments, subjects were instructed to take a distinctive point of view while reading and recalling a story. The results were interpreted to mean that the schema brought into play by the perspective instructions selectively enhances encoding when operative during reading, and selectively enhances retrieval when operative during attempts…

Discrimination learning, memory, and transfer capacity were assessed in 56 institutionalized moderately to severely retarded adults to provide information on trainability. Generally, the higher functioning Ss, defined by IQ and adaptive behavior learned more rapidly than did the lower functioning Ss. (Author/SW)

In two experiments, children ages six through eight, 10-year-old children, and college students were shown several series of slides. Each series told a unique "story" and was followed by oral questions. Results illustrated the increasing interdependence of the verbal and visual systems with age. (Author/MP)

Provides direct evidence of developmental differences in the processing of item-specific information, discussing how these differences affect recognition as well as recall performance in second graders, fifth graders, and college adults. Results suggest that retention varies as a result of the degree to which children differ from adults in…

Discusses research on mechanisms that determine the temporal properties of the retrieval of information, represented in long-term memory as a network of associations among concepts. A theory is developed concerned with processes leading from presentation of a probe to levels of activation in the network. (JN)

Seventy-nine first-year and 85 third-year students were tested on the meanings of French words from vocabulary lists. Twenty percent were then taught memory-improvement strategies, 20 percent were taught strategies and given guided practice, and 20 percent learned the lists without aids. The strategies significantly improved the performance of…

Describes components contributing to memory development, including: (1) capacity or processing allocation features of the information processing system; (2) strategies or control processes for problem solving; and (3) knowledge or semantic features acquired through experiences. Empirical evidence is reviewed supporting the psychological reality of…

In a memory search task with context recognition, three groups of children were examined: hyperactives, somewhat hyperactives, and controls. Both groups of hyperactive-rated children were slower in their cognitive processing than controls. (MP)

Memory for reactions and judgments about a biographical passage was examined following presentation of subsequent information relevant to the passage. The different ways that memories are influenced by various types of later information were discussed in terms of the loci of reaction and fact generation (internal and external). (Author/RD)